Term
| Christopher Columbus made landfall where: |
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Definition
| West Indian Islands, 1492 |
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| Of the 10 million people who crossed over into the new world, _____ were African slaves |
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| stated that the discovery of America had both great benefits and misfortunes |
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Definition
| Wealth of Nations- adam smith |
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| Europeans envisioned America as: |
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Definition
| a religious refuge, a society of equals, a source of power and glory |
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| Forms of unfree labor in the new world: |
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Definition
| indentured servitude, forced labor by indians, plantation slavery |
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| capital of the Aztec empire in current day Mexico |
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| North American Indians lacked the knowledge of europeans like: |
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Definition
| metal tools, gun powder, scientific navigation knowledge, literacy and wheeled vehicles |
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| community built around semi circular rounds on a bluff facing the Mississippi River; commercial trading center |
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| Pueblo Bonita was built by |
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| stood five stories high and had over 600 rooms, located in Chaco Canyon |
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| Five Iroquois people who formed the Great League of Peace |
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Definition
| Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, and Onandaga |
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| Indian Identity centered on: |
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Definition
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Term
| Most indian societies were: patra or matra --lineal |
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Definition
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| Early European descriptions of North American Indians as barbaric centered on: |
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Definition
| religion, land use, and gender relations |
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| Since Indian freedom was absolute, Europeans saw it as ________ |
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Definition
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| followers became free from sin and servants to god-- servitude and freedom both exist |
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| ______ uniformity was thought to be essential to public order |
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Definition
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| when a woman marries she surrendered her legal identity which became covered by her husband |
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| those without regular jobs or otherwise outside the control of their social superiors |
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| who discovered a sea route from Europe to Asia around Africa? |
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Definition
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| a ship capable of long distance travel |
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| made legendary trip to Mecca, selling excess gold along the way; sold so much gold he overinflated market; also, ruler of mali |
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Definition
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| Portugese trading posts on western Africa were known as: |
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Definition
| factories, the merchants were called factors |
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Term
| Traditionally, African slaves in Africa were: |
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Definition
| criminals, debtors, and captives of war |
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Term
| In _______ the first African slaves were taken to islands in the Caribbean |
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| reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1487 |
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| where columbus stopped to refill his three ships |
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Definition
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| Columbus built a failed settlement on Hispaniola named: |
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| established the first center of the spanish empire in America |
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Definition
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| realized that america was a whole new continent |
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| invented the technique of printing with movable type in the 1430's |
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| first European to see the Pacific Ocean |
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Definition
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| led the first expedition around the world, didn't make it; but his crew did |
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| first explorer to encounter a major American Civilization |
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| the transatlantic flow of goods and people |
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| Spain's center in North America, built on the ruins of Tenochtitlan |
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| the main body in spain for colonial administration |
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| _______ Spaniards came in the three centuries of Spain's colonial rule |
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| In ______, the Spanish government began granting marriages between Spaniards and Indians |
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Definition
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Term
| Juan Diego said he saw a vision of the virgin mary, this vision would come to be known as _________________ and is a symbol of the mixed indian and spanish cultures |
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Definition
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Term
| Pope Alexander the sixth divided the non- Christian world between: |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1517, ______ posted his ninety five theses which accused the church of worldliness and corruption |
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Definition
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| Martin Luther's ninety five theses led to: |
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Definition
| the rise of new protestant churches independent from rome |
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| In 1537, Pope paul the third outlawed _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Bartolome de Las Casas wrote: |
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Definition
| A very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies |
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Term
| this writing denounced spain for causing the death and torture of millions of innocents-- said spain had no ground to denounce real people of land and liberties.. but still said that spain had the right to rule |
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Definition
| A very brief account of the destruction of the indies- Bartolome de las casas |
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Term
| Bartolome de las casas writing caused Spain to make: |
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Definition
| the new laws which officially said indians should not be enslaved |
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Term
| the first settlers in america had been granted authority over conquered indian lands with the right to extract forced labor from the native inhabitants |
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Definition
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Term
| replaced encomienda system, residents of indian villages remained legally free but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year |
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Definition
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| image of spain as a brutal and exploitive colonizer |
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Definition
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Term
| the first european to encounter buffalo |
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Definition
| Francisco Valquez de coronado |
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Term
| oldest site in the US continuously inhabited by European settlers and their descendents |
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Definition
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| decimated Acoma, the sky city of the Indians |
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Definition
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| the first permanent European settlement in the southwest |
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Definition
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| the persecution of non-catholics; burned indian idols, masks, and sacred objects |
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Definition
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| lingua franca of the Pueblo Revolt |
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Definition
| Spanish, the indian langages were too diverse |
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| the most complete victory for native americans over europeans and the only wholesale expulsion of settlers in the history of North America |
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Definition
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| the first of Spain's rivals to start New World explorations |
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Definition
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| sponsored by fur trading, founded quebec in 1608 |
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Definition
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| extended religious toleration to French protestants (Huguenots)- revoced in 1685 causing thousands to flee |
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Definition
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| children of marriages between indian women and french traders and officials |
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Definition
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| claimed new york harbor area for the dutch |
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Definition
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| _____ settled colonist on Manhattan Island |
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Definition
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| invented by dutch, a way of pooling financial resources and sharing the risk of maritime voyages |
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Definition
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| order jews to leave New Amsterdam (New York) but west india co overruled him |
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Definition
| Governor Peter Stuyvesant |
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Term
| Dutch west india co promised settlers _____ and ________ after six years of labor |
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Definition
| cheap live stock and free land |
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Term
| shareholders who agreed to transport tenants for agricultural labor |
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Definition
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Term
| Dutch identified with Native Americans as fellow victims of : |
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Definition
| Spanish opression- Dutch won independence from spain in 16th century |
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Term
| shared features of Spanish, French and Dutch empires |
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Definition
| brought christianity, new forms of tech and learning, new legal systems and family relations, economic enterprise, savage warfare, and widespread disease |
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Term
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Definition
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| period when thousands migrated across the area frozen over the Bering Strait known as Berengia |
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Definition
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Term
| The hopi, zuni, and pueblo together known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| major settlement of the anasazi: |
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Definition
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Term
| The carolina algonquiens lived in: |
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Definition
| Virginia and Norht Carolina |
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Term
| English encountered these indians at roanoke and Jamestown |
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Definition
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Term
| believed it was important to document indian life as it was; most of what they wrote was lost in a shipwreck |
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Definition
| John White and Thomas Harriot |
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Term
| the carolina algonquiens were not considered nomadic because: |
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Definition
| they had specific hunting and planting grounds |
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Term
| the carolina algonquiens believed disease occurred when: |
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Definition
| someone disrupted the balance with nature |
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Term
| wanted to establish a confederacy of united tribes; stopped to a halt due to european influence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the very moment the Indians met Europeans |
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Term
| provided a socially acceptable way for people to forgive grievances |
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Definition
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Term
| Aztecs were conquered because: |
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Definition
| spanish destroyed those in leadership with the help of the little indian tribes that the aztec had stepped upon |
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Term
| what made both the aztecs and algonquiens more succeptable to change: |
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Definition
| they were highly oral societies |
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Term
| idea that your culture is superior to everyone else |
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Definition
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| before 1450, the world of Europeans was very small they lived their whole lives in a _____ mile radius |
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Definition
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Term
| sited purpose of crusades |
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Definition
| recapture jerusalem from ottomans |
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Term
| allowed ships to finally sail against prevailing winds |
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Definition
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Term
| protestant reformation was started by: |
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Definition
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Term
| changes the way europeans look at themselves; challenges unity of europe |
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Definition
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Term
| will become the basis of puritanism |
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Definition
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| early leader of jamestown |
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Definition
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| greater rights of the settlers of english america |
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Definition
| power to choose members of elected assemblies, protections of the common law, access to land |
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Term
| first european since the vikings to encounter the North American continent |
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Definition
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Term
| why england wanted to subdue ireland: |
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Definition
| large catholic population was deemed a threat to the stability of protestant rule in england |
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Term
| communities placed abroad among an alien population |
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Definition
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Term
| grants of exclusive rights or privelges |
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Definition
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| stated 23 reasons why Queen Elizabeth the first should support establishing colonies |
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Definition
| a discourse concerning western planning- richard haklyt |
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Term
| gave spain a claim to north and south american continent |
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Definition
| Christopher Columbus' journey |
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Term
| decreed by pope- split the non- christian world between the spanish and portugese |
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Definition
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| first englishman to sail around the world; left members of his crew as young as 12 marooned on islands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gold, glory, god-- economic, political, religious |
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Term
| belief that wealth is finite; prefer exports over imports |
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Definition
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Term
| In ________! spain sent their armada to try and invade england, small group of english ships defeat them and rise to power |
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Definition
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Term
| four stages of population mobility: |
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Definition
| local migration- regional migration- migration to london- migration to colonies |
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Term
| pull factor for colonies: |
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Definition
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Term
| first legislation in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| huge percentage of people who came to new world |
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Definition
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| english brought over ______ which ruined native american crops |
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Definition
| large livestock; cows, pigs, etc. |
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Term
| before protestants came to new world they tried to go to: |
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Definition
| Netherlands, found it too laid back for their strict rules |
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Term
| the pilgrims were a sect of |
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Definition
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Term
| forever change native american life |
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Definition
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Term
| period of time in which diseases and conflict caused many native american tribes to die out up to 90 percent |
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Definition
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Term
| two reasons why jamestown failed |
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Definition
| built on a swamp carrying malaria diseased mosquitos, dumped garbage in local river causing dissentary |
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Term
| one of the first states to show religious toleration |
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Definition
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Term
| puritanism arose in england in the _____ century |
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Definition
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Term
| english conception of liberty vs. native american |
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Definition
| na saw liberty as being one with nature, europeans saw liberty as dominating nature |
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Definition
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| puritan conception of freedom |
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Definition
| natural liberty(acting w/o restraint) was evil; supported moral liberty- only doing good |
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Term
| massachusettes' bay company was founded by |
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Definition
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Term
| puritans deemed women to be the spiritual ______ of men |
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Definition
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Term
| first permanent english settlement in the area that is now the united states |
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Definition
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Term
| a person who had experienced devine divine grace, especially during a lightning storm |
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Definition
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