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| Three Islamic empires from 1500-1700 |
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| Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mughal Empire |
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| Ethnic background of the Safavids, Ottomans, and Mughals |
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| Muslim religious warriors |
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| Founder of the Ottoman Empire |
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| Osman, after the fall of the Mongols |
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| Empire that was "pain in the butt" to Europe |
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| Ottoman policy of devshirme |
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| Recruiting young boys from Christian families to be Muslim Jesuit warriors |
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| Ottoman ruler to capture Constantinople |
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| Mehmed's tool for capturing Constantinople |
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| Islamic empire that is current day Iran |
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| founder of Twelver Shiism |
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| an Ottoman victory over the Safavids that resulted in animosity between Sunni's and Shii'ahs. |
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| center of cultural blending for the Safavid empire |
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| Greatest Mughal ruler known for his attempt to blend the major religions of his area |
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| a tax imposed on non-Muslims |
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| Akbar's & Aurangzeb's stances on jizya |
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| a blend of Hinduism and Islam. Hated by many. Was considered violent because they often had to defend themselves |
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| Started by Akbar, he failed to finish it because he was thrown in jail |
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| Reasons for decline of the Islamic empires |
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| weak leaders, Turkish tradition, religious tensions, new trade routes made them obsolete for trade |
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| Founder of the Ming Dynasty |
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| Meaning of Ming and significance |
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| it means bright or shining and is one of the most loved Dynasties |
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| How did the Ming Dynasty fall |
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| the Manchus invaded and set up the Qing Dynasty |
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| The Dream of the Red Chamber |
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| provided insight into the lives of more common nobles, showed shifting social system in China |
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| feudal lords, who at one time were the real power in Japan |
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| Japan's foreign policy in the 1500s |
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| Confucian most honorable class |
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| peasants- because they provide food and labor for the people through hard work |
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| Daimyo that finished the unification of Japan with his use of Dutch weaponry and eventually became Shogun, or sole ruler, over Japan |
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| Catholic King of Spain, who participated in Crusades and sent the infamous Spanish Armada to attack England |
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| English Queen who defended England against Spanish Armada and ruled contrary to traditional Absolutism; she worked to stop religious conflict |
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| A religious war between Catholic Hapsburgs and Protestant German princes that devastated Germany, many nations got involved in later stages. Resulted in a balance of power system in Europe as well as weakened Austria and Spain and a strengthened France |
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| France in the Thirty Years' War |
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| France helped the Protestants in the Thirty Years' War out of hatred of the Catholic Hapsburgs |
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| ended the Thirty Years' War, weakening Austria and Spain while strengthening France. Recognized states of Europe as independent and equal. Made France a strong power in Europe, leading to continuation of British-French rivalry |
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| Catholic relations with Absolutism |
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| favored it; it increased their power |
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| Catholic relations with constitutional monarchies |
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| opposed to it; decreased church power and allowed protestant religions to flourish |
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| Constitutional monarchies in the 1600s |
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| Declared himself equal with the state, embodying a perfect absolute monarch. He built the palace of Versailles. |
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| Caused by unfair taxation of Charles I and his attempt to abolish British parliament and ignore their decisions. It resulted in further limitation of royal power and a period of rule by parliament and later a dictator |
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| King of England who was king during the English Civil war. Was executed for his attempts to bring French armies to England to help him regain power after his fall from power |
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| Puritan leader of the rebels during the English civil war who later became a dictator of England |
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| theory that the Earth is the center of the universe |
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| On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres |
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| A book written by Copernicus, that wasn't published until he was on his deathbed. Outlines his belief that the Sun is the center of planetary motion, and not the Earth |
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| Inventor of the telescope and support of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus |
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| Mathematically proved Copernicus's theories about the Sun being the center of planetary motion to be true |
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| gravitational theory provided explanation for why Copernicus was correct with his theory of planetary motion |
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| a shift in thinking towards belief in the equality of man and away from absolute monarchies |
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| to progress forward, all the current norms must be questioned |
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| believed in the freedoms of religion, expression, and tolerance |
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| believed that people willingly give up their rights to the government in return for protection by it (social contract theory) |
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| English philosopher that believed in the rights of life, liberty, and property |
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| idealized a government with three separate but equal branches |
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| separation of a political power from influence or restriction, giving free reign and total control |
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| the ability of everyone to have a say in government and freedom to certain rights |
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| British taxation on American colonists, increased British-French animosity |
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| No taxation without representation |
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| motto of the American Revolution, Americans didn't want to be taxed by a government they had no part in for whom they had fought a war and received only heavier taxes for in return. |
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| one of the most influential philosophers involved with the creation of the declaration of independence. He was very vocal on the part of separation of church and state |
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| Causes of French Revolution |
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| weak leadership, starvation, lavish living by royalty, Austrian Queen, unequal representation of the population at the National Assembly |
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| Goal of the French Revolution |
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| They wanted equality among citizens |
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| storming of the Bastille, and thus beginning of the French Revolution |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
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| French equivalent of a constitution that declared a list of rights that every French citizen deserved, in the opinion of the revolutionary leaders |
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| Liberty, Equality, Fraternity |
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| Motto of the French Revolution. Symbolizes the equality that revolutionaries strove for. |
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| leader of the French Revolution who became a tyrannical radical |
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| He used the new France based on equality to rise to power. He conquered Europe and spread the ideas of equality and freedom of religion (and other Enlightenment ideas). |
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| Battle of Waterloo & Invasion of Russia |
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| Napoleon's two biggest failures that led to the decline of French power and the exile of the French dictator. |
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| A congress where it was decided how to handle the power vacuum left after the fall of the French Empire |
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| Success of the Congress of Vienna |
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| It established a delicate power balance in Europe based on a series of political alliances. Not very successful, eventually. |
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