Term
| Where does the GI tract commence? What are the components of it? |
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Definition
| Commences where the esophagus drains into the stomach; consists of the stomach, SI, LI, Rectum, Anus |
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Term
| What are the functions of the GI tract? Which organ performs which function |
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Definition
1. Digestion - stomach
2. Absorption of nutrients - SI
3. Reabs of water - LI |
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Term
| Which portions of the GI tract are located in the abdomen? In the pelvis? |
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Definition
Abdomen: stomach, SI, ascending, transverse, and descending colon
Pelvis: sigmoid colon and rectum |
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Term
| Describe the shape of the stomach? |
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Definition
- Muscular
- J shaped
- Most voluminous part of the tract |
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the stomach? |
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Definition
1. Fundus
2. The Body
3. The Pyloric antrum |
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Term
| What is the fundus? What other feature of the stomach |
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Definition
| The dome under the left diaphragm, rising from the level of the gastroesophageal sphincter |
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Term
| What is the function of the lower esophageal (gastroesophageal) sphincter? |
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Definition
| Controls the admission of food into the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| The mucosal folds that act to increase the surface area of the stomach, found in the fundus |
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Term
| Describe the body of the stomach |
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Definition
| Largest portion of the stomach, with the lesser curvature on the right and greater curvature on the left |
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Term
| What is the pyloric antrum of the stomach? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| Where the stomach tapers down towards the pyloris; most distal end of stomach |
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Term
| What is the prominent feature of the pyloris? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of this valve? |
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Definition
| Controls the flow of bolus from stomach to SI |
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Term
| How many sections does the SI have? Name them from proximal to distal |
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Definition
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum |
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Term
| List characteristics of the duodenum (4) |
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Definition
- 30cm long
- Partially retroperitoneal
- Horseshoe shaped
- 4 sections |
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Term
| What is the function of the duodenum? |
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Definition
| Receives digestive enzymes from the liver/pancreas, and neutralizes the acidic stomach chyme |
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Term
| (T/F) The head of the pancreas is nestled into the curvature of the duodenum |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 sections of the duodenum |
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Definition
1. Superior
2. Descending
3. Inferior
4. Ascending |
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Term
| What is the function of the superior limb? |
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Definition
| Connects stomach to descending limb |
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Term
| What is the prominent feature of the descending limb? |
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Definition
| The ampulla where the pancreatic and digestive enzymes are secreted into the SI |
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Term
| What two ducts contribute to this opening? |
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Definition
1. Bile duct
2. Pancreatic duct |
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Term
| What is the function of the ascending limb? |
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Definition
| Connects with the jejunum |
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Term
| How long are the jejunum and ileum combined? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the greater sac does the jejunum occupy? The ileum? |
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Definition
Jejunum: upper left
Ileum: lower right |
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Term
| (T/F) The main difference between the ileum and jejunum is seen when examining function |
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Definition
| False, the two sections differ the most histologically |
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Term
| List two other observable differences |
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Definition
1. Ileum is more likely to have mesenteric fat migrating around it
2. Ileum has arcades of blood vessels |
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Term
| What structure allows the emptying of the ileum into the cecum? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the sections of large intestine, from proximal to distal |
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Definition
1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon
6. Rectum |
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Term
| What are the two prominent features of the cecum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the flexure that joins the ascending and transverse colon? |
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Definition
| The hepatic (right) flexure |
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Term
| What is the flexure that joins the descending and transverse colon? |
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Definition
| The splenic (left) flexure |
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Term
| Which sections of the colon are interperitoneal? Retro? |
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Definition
Inter: cecum, transverse, sigmoid
Retro: ascending and descending |
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Term
| What is the transverse mesocolon? |
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Definition
| The mesentary of the transverse colon |
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Term
| What is the sigmoid mesocolon? |
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Definition
| The mesentary of the sigmoid colon |
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Term
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Definition
| The 3 equally distributed muscle strips that run down the colon longitudinally |
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Term
| What is the function of the TC? |
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Definition
| Shortens the LI to make haustra |
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Term
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Definition
| Sacculations of the LI formed by the teniae coli shortening the LI |
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Term
| What are epiploic appendices? |
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Definition
| The fat sacs inside the visceral peritoneum |
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Term
| (blood supply covered later) |
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Definition
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