Term
| Name two processes that the oral cavity and/or pharynx is involved in |
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Definition
1. Mastication and swallowing (deglutition)
2. Initiation of transition between voluntary and involuntary control systems |
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Term
| What can cause pathology of the upper GI system? |
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Definition
1. Opportunistic infection
2. Poor oral hygiene |
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Term
| (T/F) Only bacteria can opportunistically infect the upper GI |
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Definition
| False, both fungi and bacteria |
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Term
| List 3 things that can allow for opportunistic infection |
|
Definition
- Immune suppression
- Diabetes
- Antibiotic use |
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Term
| List two consequences of opportunistic infection |
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Definition
| - Apthous ulcers - Thrush |
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Term
| How does poor oral hygiene contribute to pathology of the upper GI? |
|
Definition
- Promotes infections of the peridontium
- Allows for gingivitis (gum disease) |
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Term
| Which 3 components of the nervous system regulate swallowing |
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Definition
- CNS
- Vagus nerve (ANS)
- Intrinsic innervation |
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Term
| List the voluntary actions of swallowing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| List the involuntary actions of swallowing |
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Definition
| Trygeminal and pharyngeal nerves initiate complex sequence of events |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| List 3 functional pathologies of the esophagus |
|
Definition
- Dysphagia
- Achalasia
- Atresia |
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|
Term
| What is seen in achalasia, and what causes it? |
|
Definition
- Failure in propulsion
- Lower ES relaxation
- Due to defect in intrinsic inhibitory innervation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Developmental failure - incomplete esophagus |
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Term
| (T/F) GERD is a pathology that arises from inflammation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Drugs usually correct this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gastro-esophageal reflux disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary symptom? |
|
Definition
| Pain (either acute or chronic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Relaxed LES
2. Excessive acid production
3. Hiatial hernia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion of the upper stomach through the diphragm |
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|
Term
| What pathology is associated with GERD? |
|
Definition
- Barrett's esophagus (destruction of epithelium in esophagus)
- Increased CA risk |
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Term
(T/F) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and proximal stomach is increasing, whilst squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, and gastric carcinoma is decreasing
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|
Definition
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Term
| Why is adenocarcinoma increasing? Why are gastric cancers and squamous epithelial cancers increasing? |
|
Definition
Increase: GERD and obesity
Decrease: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, dietary factors |
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