Term
| H2 - Receptor Blockers EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| H2 - Receptor Blockers AX |
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Definition
| Blocks H2- receptors in the gastric parietal cells in stomach to decrease acid production |
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Term
| H2 - Receptor Blockers USES |
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Definition
| Ulcers of all kinds, zollinger-ellison syndrome, GERD, GI hemorrhage |
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Term
| H2 - Receptor Blockers SEs |
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Definition
| Possible reduction in RBCs and WBCs and plts; impotence or loss of libido in men; possible B12 deficiency |
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Term
| H2 - Receptor Blockers NSG IMP |
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Definition
PO, IV (do not mix w/ other meds)
Do not give antacids w/in 1 hour of adm
May alter effectiveness of other meds
Assess kidney and liver function
Asses use of OTC formulations
If using OTC formulations, seek medical attention if symptoms persist or reoccur
-Persistent epigastric pain or heartburn may be symptom of more serious disease |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors AX |
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Definition
| reduces acid secretion in stomach by binding irreversibly to enzyme H+, K+-ATPase, responsible for hydrochloric acid |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors USES |
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Definition
| for short-term, 4- to 8-week therapy for peptic ulcers and GERD, & Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors SEs |
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Definition
HA, nausea, diarrhea, rash, abd pain
Long-term use associated with increased risk of gastric cancer |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors Info |
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Definition
| Have longer duration than H2-receptor blockers |
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Term
| Proton Pump Inhibitors NSG IMP |
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Definition
May give w/ antacids
PO, IV (Protonix must be given w/ a filter)
May affect other meds
Monitor liver function & serum gastrin with long-term use
Take 30 min AC, usually before breakfast
Often administered in combination w/ clarithromycin (Biaxin) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Amphojel, Rolaids, Tums, Mylanta, Alka Seltzer, Basajel |
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Term
|
Definition
neutralizes stomach acid by raising pH of stomach contents
Inexpensive & effective
Relieve symptoms but do not promote ulcer healing |
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Term
|
Definition
| in combo w/ other antiulcer agents for relief of heartburn due to PUD or GERD, gas, & bloating |
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Term
|
Definition
Al and Ca compounds may cause constipation
Mg compounds can cause diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
PO
May alter effectiveness of other meds
Assess OTC use and prescription drugs
Shake suspensions well
Monitor for electrolyte imbalances
Assess patient for signs of renal insufficiency
Hypermagnesemia may occur—kidneys unable to excrete excess magnesium |
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Term
| Antibiotics for H. pylori EX |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| decreases reflux by increasing sphincter tone and enhancing acid clearance and increasing gastric emptying |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevention of N/V, facilitation of sm intestine intubation, GERD |
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Term
|
Definition
PO (give 30 min ac and hs), IV
May affect other meds
Do not give to someone w/ an intestinal obstruction
EPS-Parkinson-like s/s |
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents AX |
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Definition
Cytotec-inhibits gastric secretions, protects gastric mucosa by increasing HCO3 & mucus production and decreasing pepsin
Carafate-protects the site of ulcer formation from acid by forming an adherent coating w/ albumin and fibrogen; it absorbs pepsin decreasing its activity |
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents USES |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents NSG IMP |
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Definition
Take Cytotec w/ food
Take Carafate w/o food or meds for 1-2 hours before or after
Watch other meds |
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents AX |
|
Definition
Cytotec-inhibits gastric secretions, protects gastric mucosa by increasing HCO3 & mucus production and decreasing pepsin
Carafate-protects the site of ulcer formation from acid by forming an adherent coating w/ albumin and fibrogen; it absorbs pepsin decreasing its activity |
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents USES |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Mucosal Protective Agents NSG IMP |
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Definition
Take Cytotec w/ food
Take Carafate w/o food or meds for 1-2 hours before or after
Watch other meds |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
stimulate peristalsis via mucosal irritation or intramural nerve plexus activity increasing motility
Cathartics-agents with a purgative action
May modify the permeability of colonic mucosal cells, which increases F & E secretion |
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Term
| Stimulant Laxatives NSG IMP |
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Definition
Defecation should occur b/t 6-12 hours after oral adm; 15 min to 2 hours after rectal
Giving at HS can promote AM defecation
Give w/ sufficient H2O or prune juice to aid
May cause stomach cramping
Should not be used long-term-mucosal damage |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| incorporates H2O and lipids into the stool, producing an emollient action that reduces surface tension |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevent constipation(cardiac pts, post op) |
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Term
|
Definition
May take 1-3 days before stool change occurs
May cause mild cramping |
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Term
| Bulk-forming Laxatives EX |
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Definition
| Metamucil, Fibercon, Citrucel |
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Term
| Bulk-forming Laxatives AX |
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Definition
| includes non-absorbable polysaccharides and cellulose derivatives that combine with H2O in the intestines causing an emollient action; peristalsis is stimulated d/t the increased fecal mass |
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Term
| Bulk-forming Laxatives USES |
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Definition
| constipation; not for impactions |
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Term
| Bulk-forming Laxatives NSG IMP |
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Definition
May take 12-14 hours for fecal passage
Often causes stomach cramping
Give adequate fluid intake; 8oz w/ powder preps |
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Term
| Hyperosmotic Cathartics EX |
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Definition
| Lactulose, Miralax, MOM, Colyte |
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Term
| Hyperosmotic Cathartics AX |
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Definition
| increase osmotic pressure w/i the intestinal lumen resulting in retention of H2O and softening the stool |
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Term
| Hyperosmotic Cathartics USES |
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Definition
| constipation, reduce ammonia levels (lactulose); bowel prep |
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Term
| Hyperosmotic Cathartics NSG IMP |
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Definition
PO, supp
Often cramps and may cause diarrhea
Do not give w/ impactions |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lubricates the feces and hinders water reabsorption into the colon |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Lubricant Laxatives NSG IMP |
|
Definition
PO, enema
May take 6-8 hours
Often cramps
May impair fat soluble vitamin absorption
Do not want pt to aspirate this med |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Lomotil-opium decreases intestinal motility; increases rectal tone; atropine has anticholinergic effects
Immodium-inhibits peristalsis and prolongs transit time |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
PO
May cause constipation and sedation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Kaopectate-absorbs bacteria and toxins as well as decreasing H2O loss; absorbent clay
Pepto-decreases synthesis of intestinal prostaglandins; has antibiotic affects also |
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Term
|
Definition
| diarrhea especially caused by food poisoning or H pylori |
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Term
|
Definition
Watch for constipation, grey-black tongue and stools
PO
Pepto contains ASA |
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Term
|
Definition
| Donnagel, Questran, Bacid |
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Term
|
Definition
Donnagel-anticholinergic
Questran-destroys C diff & bile salt caused diarrhea
Bacid-promotes GI normal flora |
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Term
|
Definition
Watch for anticholinergic SE
PO
Watch for constipation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Donnagel, Questran, Bacid |
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Term
|
Definition
Donnagel-anticholinergic
Questran-destroys C diff & bile salt caused diarrhea
Bacid-promotes GI normal flora |
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Term
|
Definition
Watch for anticholinergic SE
PO
Watch for constipation |
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Term
| Drugs for IBD and IBS EX (PROTOTYPE DRUG) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| as serotonin receptor agonist that causes an increase stool formation and number of bowel movements |
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Term
| Drugs for IBD and IBS USES |
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Definition
| constipation-dominant form of IBS |
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Term
| Drugs for IBD and IBS SEs |
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Definition
- diarrhea, which usually occurs as single episode
Resolves as therapy progresses
Contraindicated in severe hepatic or renal impairment, bowel obstruction, gallbladder disease, abdominal pain |
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Term
| Drugs for IBD and IBS NSG IMP |
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Definition
Monitor liver and renal function
Monitor cardiovascular status
Adm just prior to meal, w/ full glass of H20
Tablets may be crushed
Do not give to pts w/ frequent diarrhea |
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Term
| Serotonin Receptor Antagonists EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Serotonin Receptor Antagonists AX |
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Definition
| decreases serotonin (major neurotransmitter of vomiting) at the receptor |
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Term
| Serotonin Receptor Antagonists USES |
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Definition
good for chemo and post op N/V
Nsg Implications |
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Term
| Serotonin Receptor Antagonists NSG IMP |
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Definition
IV
May be altered by meds that induce P-450 enzymes (rifampin and phenobarb) |
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Term
| Dopamine Receptor Antagonists EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Dopamine Receptor Antagonists AX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Dopamine Receptor Antagonists USES |
|
Definition
| antipsychotics; motion sickness |
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Term
| Dopamine Receptor Antagonists NSG IMP |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| n/v associated w/ chemo, AIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
Watch for sedation, tachycardia, hypotension
May lead to dependency |
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists EX |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists AX |
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Definition
| inhibits the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors |
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists USES |
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Definition
| motion sickness and vertigo |
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Term
| Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists NSG IMP |
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Definition
PO, patch (can work up to 3 days)
Watch for anticholinergic effects |
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Term
| Histamine Receptor Antagonists EX |
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Definition
| Dramamine, Antivert, Phenergan |
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Term
| Histamine Receptor Antagonists AX |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Histamine Receptor Antagonists USES |
|
Definition
| motion sickness, vertigo, N/V |
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Term
| Histamine Receptor Antagonists NSG IMP |
|
Definition
PO, IV, IM
Phenergan-give IV doses slowly and dilute with 5-10 ml of NS-burns and caustic
Watch for CNS depression |
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Term
| Anorexiants EX (PROTOTYPE DRUG) |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) |
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Term
|
Definition
| most widely prescribed appetite suppressant for short-term control of obesity |
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Term
|
Definition
headache, insomnia, dry mouth
May cause tachycardia and raise blood pressure |
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Term
| Drugs Used to Stimulate Emesis EX |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pancreatic-Enzyme Replacement EX (PROTOTYPE DRUG) |
|
Definition
| pancrelipase (Lipancreatin, Pamcrease) |
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Term
| Pancreatic-Enzyme Replacement AX |
|
Definition
contains lipase, protease, & amylase of pork origin
- Facilitate conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
- Convert starches into dextrin and sugars
- Convert proteins into peptides |
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Term
| Pancreatic-Enzyme Replacement USES |
|
Definition
| as replacement therapy for clients with insufficient pancreatic exocrine secretions |
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Term
| Pancreatic-Enzyme Replacement SEs |
|
Definition
GI symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea
Can cause metabolic symptom of hyperuricosuria |
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Term
|
Definition
Calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorous
Potassium, sodium, sulfur |
|
|
Term
| Macrominerals (9 TRACE/MICRO MINERALS) |
|
Definition
| Include iron, iodine, fluorine, and zinc |
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