Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reversible gynecomastia, impotence, galactorrhea; pancytopenia (low WBC count, aplastic anemia); headache, dizziness, confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| pancytopenia (low WBC, aplastic anemia, agranulocytes, thrombocytopenia), headache/dizziness/confusion, nausea/diarrhea, myalgia, pruritus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| substituted benzimidazoles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| irreversibly inhibits proton pump |
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Term
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Definition
| nocturnal acid breakthrough |
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Term
| hypergastrinemia, bacterial overgrowth are AE of what drug? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rebound secretion, diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| neutralizes HCl, increases PGE and mucus secretion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pt presents with myalgia, pruritus, and low WBC count; what drug is he taking? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rebound secretion, constipation |
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Term
| AE of CaCO3 in pts with renal impairment |
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Definition
| hypercalcemia, milk-alkali syndrome |
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Term
| rebound secretion is AE of what drug? |
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Definition
| antacids: AlOH, MgOH, CaCO3 |
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Term
| misoprostol is what class of drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA: increases mucus and bicarbonate, inhibits histamine-stimulated HCl release by decreasing cAMP levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decreases cAMP, inhibits histamine release, inhibits HCl release; increases mucus and bicarbonate production |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to Hb and pepsin in ulcer and acts as barrier to acid-induced damage; increases PGE and mucus |
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Term
| Non-absorbable sucrose analogue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
binds to Hb and pepsin in ulcer and inhibits acid-induced damage; increases PGE and mucus
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Term
| MOA of bismuth subsalicylate/subcitrate |
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Definition
| protects ulcer from further acid damage, increases mucus and PGE production, inhibits H. pylori; adsorbs pathogens, toxins |
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Term
| protects ulcer from further acid damage, increases mucus and PGE production, inhibits H. pylori |
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Definition
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Term
| quadruple therapy combination |
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Definition
| tetracycline, metronidazole, bismuth, H2 agonist |
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Term
| antibiotics used for ulcer tx |
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Definition
| MCAT: metronidazole, clarithromycine, amoxicillin, tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
| metoclopramide, cisapride |
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Term
| what class of drugs are metoclopramide and cisapride? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increases ACh release to increase gastric motility |
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Term
| indications for prokinetic drugs |
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Definition
| gastric hypomotility, GERD |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiotoxic, prolongs QT interval, inhibits K+ channel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| magnesium salts, lactulose, colyte, and golytely are what class of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| osmotic laxative: increases osmolarity to increase secretions |
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Term
| castor oil, senna (Ex-lax), bisacodyl are what class of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of stimulant laxatives |
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Definition
| irritates bowel to cause peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
cathartic colon
castor oil is a stimulant laxative that causes cathartic colon with long term use |
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Term
| mineral oil, glycerin, and docusatte are what class of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lubricates stool making passage easier |
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Term
| what drugs can be administered as a suppository? |
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Definition
| glycerin, stimulant laxatives |
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Term
| AE of dietary fiber and psyllium |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absorbent, demulcent; binds toxins, bacteria, and fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| kaopectate, used for acute diarrhea |
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Term
| loperamide, diphenoxylate, and difenoxin are what class of drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Imodium = loperamide = opioid
Inhibits Ach release; interferes with Ca++ signal transduction to decrease Cl- secretion
tx for diarrhea |
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Term
| AE: dizziness, headache, depression, confusion, euphoria, morphine-like effects with OD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits pancreatic, gastric, and intestinal secretions; decreases motility and splanchnic blood flow |
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Term
| indication for loperamide |
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Definition
| acute and chronic diarrhea |
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Term
| name 2 dopamine antagonists |
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Definition
| prochloperazine, metoclopramide |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| site of action of phenothiazine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anti-emetic: inhibits dopamine receptors in CTZ and GI
prokinetic: increases ACh to increase GI motility |
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Term
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Definition
| dystonia, Parkinsonism (inhibits dopamine), diarrhea (prokinetic), galactorrhea (increases prolactin), somnolence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of scopolamine and site of action |
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Definition
| inhibits ACh receptor in CTZ and vestibular apparatus |
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Term
what class of drugs are cyclizine, meclizine, dimenhydrinate, promethazine?
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Definition
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Term
| site of action of dimenhydrinate |
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Definition
| CTZ and vestibular apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
| H1-blockers and anticholinergics |
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Term
| site of action of serotonin antagonists |
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Definition
| CTZ and vagus n. terminals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what class of drug is aprepitant? |
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Definition
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Term
| site of action of substance P (neurokinin-1) antagonist |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: black stool, dark tongue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absorb water and ions to increase mass and water content in GI |
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Term
| 1. tx for acute diarrhea? 2. tx for chronic diarrhea? |
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Definition
1. bulk agents, kaopectate, peptobismol, opioids
2. opioids, somatostatin, clonidine, enkephalin, lithium salts |
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Term
| MOA and indication for clonidine |
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Definition
MOA: activates alpha2-adrenergic receptors to increase absorption
indications: chronic diarrhea |
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Term
| MOA and indication for enkephalin |
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Definition
MOA: activate mu and delta receptors to inhibit GI motility and increase absorption, respectively
indication: chronic diarrhea |
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Term
| tx for motion sickness and site of action |
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Definition
| anticholinergics (scopolamine) and H1 blockers (diphenhydramine, cyclizine, etc.); both work in CTZ and vestibular apparatus |
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Term
| who receives hepA vaccine? |
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Definition
| children >1yo, travelers, medical personnel, military personnel |
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Term
| for which hep viruses do we have vaccines for? |
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of action of lamivudine, telbivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir |
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Definition
| inhibits DNA polymerase/RT, chain terminator |
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Term
| active form is the triphosphate form |
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Definition
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Term
| active form is the diphosphate form |
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Definition
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Term
| indicated for lamivudine-resistant strains of hepB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lamivudine, telbivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| renal impairment, reduced bone density |
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Term
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Definition
| 10-20% hemolytic anemia (+fatigue, rash, insomnia, depression) |
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Term
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Definition
| increases half life, decreases clearance |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfasalazine, balsalazide, olsalazide |
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Term
| indications for sulfasalazine, balsalazide, olsalazide |
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Definition
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Term
| time release capsule best for distribution throughout small intestine |
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Definition
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Term
| pH sensitive drug best for absorption in terminal ileum and colon |
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Definition
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Term
| indication and administration for hydrocortisone |
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Definition
| UC; topical, foam suppository |
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Term
| indication and administration for budesonide |
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Definition
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Term
| delayed therapeutic response takes weeks to months |
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Definition
| purine analogs: 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine |
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Term
| AE: dose-dependent bone marrow suppression; indicated for Crohn's |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: alopecia, megaloblastic anemia; indicated for Crohn's |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: risk of URI, TB reactivation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| lactobacillus, bifidobacterium |
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Term
| antibiotics used for Crohn's Disease |
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Definition
| metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin |
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Term
| drugs specifically indicated for Crohn's |
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Definition
| antibiotics, probiotics; all anti-TNF drugs (adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab pegol), budesonide and methotrexate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| antispasmodic; anticholinergic; inhibits muscarinic Ach receptors in enteric plexus on smooth m. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| IBS drug with cardiotoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decreases cholesterol content and dissolves gallstones |
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Term
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Definition
| 5-HT4 receptor agonist; increases peristalsis and Cl- secretion |
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Term
| resistance occurs in up to 50% of patients who have been on treatment for 3 years |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| indicated for chronic hepB and HIV pts who are on HAART |
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Definition
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Term
| tx for amebiasis, asymptomatic GI only |
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Definition
| iodoquinol, paromomycin, diloxanide furoate |
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Term
|
Definition
| paromomycin, nitazoxanide |
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Term
| diloxanide furoate/paromomycin is used with metronidazole to treat what? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| metronidazole, tinidazole |
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Term
| metronidazole/tinidazole is tx for what? |
|
Definition
| amebiasis, severe GI only; Giardia, Balantidium coli, Trichomonas, anaerobic bacteria |
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Term
| tx for severe and extraintestinal amebiasis |
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Definition
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Term
| tx for amebiasis; liver abscesses |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| tetracycline, metronidazole |
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Term
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Definition
| metronidazole, nitazoxanide |
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Term
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Definition
| Giardia, Cryptosporidium; metronidazole-resistant strains |
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Term
| tx for Cyclospora and Isospora |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel pamoate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ivermectin, thiobendazole |
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Term
| alternative tx to mebendazole for Ascaris |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which luminal amebicide acts against cysts? |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: neurotoxicity, ototoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: dose dependent neurotoxicity |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: seizures, disulfiram-like reaction, metallic taste |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: cardiotoxicity, hypotension |
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Definition
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Term
| AE: disulfiram-like reaction, hypertension with NE |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits pyrutvate:ferrodoxin oxidoreductase pathway |
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Term
|
Definition
| synthetic benzimidazole; depolymerizes worm microtubules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MOA of pyrantel pamoate and indication |
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Definition
| inhibits acetylcholinesterase; used for nematode infections |
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Term
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Definition
| opens Cl- channels and potentiates GABA-mediated inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits microtubule aggregation |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases Ca++ permeability |
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Term
|
Definition
| uncouples worm oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| contraindicated for pts with iodine intolerance |
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Definition
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