Term
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Definition
| the study of the earth's composition, structure and history |
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Term
| forces that can shape the earth's surface can be divided into what two categories? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two layers that make up the lithosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 main layers of the earths interior? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the definition of a mineral? |
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Definition
| a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
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Term
| what is a mineral's cleavage? |
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Definition
| a type of fracture in which a mineral breaks along regular, well defined planes |
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Term
| how are rocks classified? |
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Definition
| igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary |
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Term
| how is a metamorphic rock formed? |
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Definition
| intense heat, pressure, or reactions with hot water |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of processes in which rocks are changed from one type to another |
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Term
| What is continental drift? |
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Definition
| the theory that the continents were once joined into one super continent |
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Term
| why was Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift originally rejected by geologists? |
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Definition
| he did not have any data to support his hypothesis |
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Term
| where is new ocean crust formed along? |
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Definition
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Term
| when an oceanic plate is subducting what happens? |
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Definition
| it is less dense and is able to go under the other plate |
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Term
| Where does mantle convection come from? |
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Definition
| the cooling of the earths interior and the decay of radioactive isotopes |
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Term
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Definition
| a break in rock mass where movement occurs |
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Term
| What is stress in the earth's crust caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does a earthquake begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What wave causes the earth to vibrate at a right angle to the direction of a wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| What measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What can s-waves not pass through? |
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Definition
| the earth's core because it is liquid |
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Term
| Where does magma collect before an eruption? |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes the magma inside a volcano to rise towards the surface? |
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Definition
| it is a thick liquid, denser than the surrounding rock |
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Term
| What determines whether a volcano erupts quietly or explosively? |
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Definition
| the characteristics of the magma |
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Term
| What type of magma is in volcanoes that erupt quietly? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are shield volcanoes produced? |
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Definition
| by explosive eruptions of lava and ash |
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Term
| what is a cinder cone volcano made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the largest type of intrusive igneous feature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What igneous feature is horizontal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What igneous feature is vertical? |
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Definition
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Term
| what gas makes up 78% of dry air |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens as altitude increases? |
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Definition
| air pressure and density decrease |
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Term
| Where does most weather take place in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the ozone layer located? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are day and night caused by? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the earth completes one orbit around the sun, what has it completed? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the earth mainly heated by? |
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Definition
| energy re-radiated by the earth's surface |
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Term
| what forms of precipitation fall as liquids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What air mass forms over land north of 50* north latitude? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are lines on a weather map that connect points of temperature called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what s the si unit of force? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the property of matter that resists changes in motion |
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Term
| what does newtons second law of motion state? |
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Definition
| the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on the object divided by the objects mass |
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Term
| what does newtons third law of motion describe? |
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Definition
| action and reaction forces |
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Term
| What are igneous rocks that form at the earths surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the type of sedimentary rock that forms from pre existing rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| where are the youngest rocks in the ocean floor found near? |
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Definition
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Term
| what three factors determine magma viscosity? |
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Definition
| temperature and amount of silica |
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Term
| how does an igneous dike form? |
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Definition
| magma cools and solidifies beneath the surface |
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Term
| what theory explains how earths plates form and move? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three ways metamorphic rocks form? |
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Definition
| from coming into contact with molten igneous rock. being stressed and contorted by tectonic processes or having hot water interact with the rock. |
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Term
| what feature is formed when rocks bend under stress but do not break? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between speed and velocity? |
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Definition
| speed is distance traveled while velocity is distance traveled in a given direction |
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Term
| If the forces acting on an object produces a net force of zero the force is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the force that opposes the motion of objects as they move pass eachother is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| the drag force acting on a falling skydiver is also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three layers of the mantle? |
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Definition
| lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| the volcano collapses from magma pressure |
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Term
| Name the four layers of the atmosphere lowest to highest? |
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Definition
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere |
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Term
| what is the greenhouse effect? |
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Definition
| regulates our climate by trapping heat and holding it in a warm-air blanket |
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Term
| why do sea breezes occur during the day? |
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Definition
| because the ocean is cooler than the land |
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Term
| What is the difference between sleet and freezing rain? |
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Definition
| freezing rain freezes once it hits the ground and sleet comes out of the cloud already frozen |
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Term
| What are the different types of fronts? |
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Definition
| cold, warm, stationary, and occluded front |
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Term
| Why are the seasons in the northern and southern hemisphere 6 months apart? |
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Definition
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