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| The transformation of loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation. |
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| Process by which atoms dissolved in a solution come together and form a solid; rainfall or snow |
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| a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired |
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| Fine-grained sedimentary rock generally composed of very small quartz grains. |
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| A sedimentary rock composed of very fine-grained silica |
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| Compacted and partially decayed vegetation accumulating beneath a swamp |
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| Environment resulting from the deposition of sediment where the medium carrying the sediment evaporates, slows down, or melts |
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| Layers of clastic sediment or sedimentary rock in which clast size progressively decreases from the base to the top of the bed; form by deposition from a turbidity current |
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| A wedge of sediment formed at a river mouth when the running water of the stream enters standing water, the current slows, the stream loses competence, and sediment settles out |
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| A coral reef that develops around a circular reef surrounding a lagoon |
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| A succession of sedimentary beds |
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| A trough with sloping walls, cut into the land by a stream |
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| particles that are smaller than boulders and larger than gravels, ie, ranging between 64-256mm |
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| Very coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded clasts |
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| Very fine-grained sedimentary rock that breaks into thin sheets |
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| the sediment that is left after the evaporation process |
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| Low-rank coal that consists of 50% carbon |
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| A characteristic of sedimentary deposits that pertains to the character of bedding and/or the surface features of a bed |
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| sedimentary structures which form when fine grained sediment dries out or desiccates |
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| A gently sloping apron of sediment dropped by an ephemeral stream at the base of a mountain in arid or semi-arid regions |
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| pertaining to or deposited by wind |
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| Mineral material that precipitates from water and fills the spaces between grains, holding the grains together |
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| Low-relief regions of land adjacent to the coast |
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| Coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting almost entirely of quartz |
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| Coarse sedimentary rock consisting of angular fragments; or rock broken into angular fragments by faulting |
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| Dull, black intermediate-rank coal formed at temperatures between 100 degrees and 200 degrees celcius |
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| A lamination inclined to the main bedding; it represents the slip face of a layers deposited in a current |
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| A fragment of detritus; ex: sand grain or pebble |
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| Shiny black coal formed at temperatures between 200 and 300 degrees Celsius; A high-rank coal |
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| Layering or stratification in sedimentary rocks |
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| An offshore sand bar that rises above the mean high-water level, forming an island |
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| Wave-like ridges and troughs on the surface of a sedimentary layer formed during deposition in a current |
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| The processes that break up and corrode solid rock, eventually transforming it into sediment |
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| An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt, or mud, that are not cemented together |
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| Soil formed over iron-rich rock in a tropical environment, consisting primarily of a dark-red mass of insoluble iron and/or aluminum oxide |
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| Very effective agents of chemical weathering |
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| the top layer of a soil profile; usually contains humus |
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| least soluable of the primary minerals |
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| Low dissolve-ability; # 1 mineral on Earth's surface |
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| States largest mineral industry ~ 2 billion/year |
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Makes -Fine Porcelain (China ware)
-Spark Plugs
-Medicines
-Tire Fillers
-Paper Fillers
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| (found in western states)- rich in calcium as calcite; found in dryer climates; not good for agriculture |
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| Typically clay rich with iron oxides; major soil component, highly weathered, common humid regions |
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| organic, plant roots, worms, microbes; secrete carbon dioxide |
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| Regolith; less weathered, bedrock soil components |
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-sediment becomes smaller
-sediment becomes rounder
-sediment becomes more homogenous |
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| involves breakdown of minerals in rocks to ions (congruent dissolution); primary minerals break down, secondary minerals are created |
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| Biggest to smallest in rocks (Coarsest to finest) |
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| Boulders, cobbles, pebbles, sand, silt, clay (Kaolinite)- < 2 microns (1/1000 of a millimeter) |
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| (high altitude/cold climates) -creates fractures in rocks |
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| The grinding away and removal of Earth's surface materials by moving water, air, or ice |
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