Term
| Cause of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions |
|
Definition
somethings that causes sea levels to rise and fall
(no evidence of continent rise or fall)
(sediment supply to shoreline varies on much shorter [than 15 million years] timeline) |
|
|
Term
| time scale of cretaceous transgressions and regressions |
|
Definition
| 10's of millions of years |
|
|
Term
| Transgression vertical sequence |
|
Definition
Limestone
Shale
Sandstone
old land surface |
|
|
Term
| Regression vertical sequence |
|
Definition
sandstone
shale
limestone
old land surface |
|
|
Term
| 3 causes for shoreline moves |
|
Definition
1. absolute rises and falls in sea level
2. rising or falling of land surface
3. changes in sediment supply to the shoreline |
|
|
Term
| Causes of sea-level rise and fall |
|
Definition
•Glaciationdue to climate change -(occurs on 10,000 to 400,000 year time frames) affects amount of water in the oceans
•Changes in seafloor spreading rates(occurs on 10’s of million of year time frames) affect the volume of the ocean basins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low ridge, little water displaced |
|
|
Term
| quick forming oceanic crust |
|
Definition
| high ridge, lots of water displaced |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous ocean crust production |
|
Definition
| extensive. Slow and fast at times |
|
|
Term
What created transgressions and regressions of the
oceans onto and off of continents throughout
geologic time? |
|
Definition
| Changes in rates of sea floor spreading |
|
|
Term
| Cretaceous coals located in: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pennsylvanian coals located in: |
|
Definition
| Pennsylvania/ midwest area, Bituminous coal |
|
|
Term
| Low-angle thrust faults displace rocks for up to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when did the rocky mountains form? also known as what? |
|
Definition
| Paleocene. Laramide Orogency |
|
|
Term
| when did the rocky mountains begin to form? |
|
Definition
| 65 +/- 5 millions years ago |
|
|
Term
| why can the great plains be farmed? |
|
Definition
| The sandstones in the Oligo-Miocene Ogallala Fm. form the largest freshwater aquifer on the great plains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| about 3.75 billion years ago |
|
|
Term
| what percent of earth's history is the Precambrian? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Acasta Gneiss 4.04 billion years ago |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4.4 Ga zircon in a sandstone from JackHills Australia |
|
|
Term
| indirect evidence of like in precambrian |
|
Definition
| Stromatolites, the oldest examples of which are 3.8 billion years old, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| advantages of being a eukaryote |
|
Definition
can eat things to get energy instead of making it.
Create a greater variety of shapes and sizes (can go multi-cellular) than cells without a nucleus and other features |
|
|
Term
| diverse microbial life, but no animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
|
Definition
| prokaryotes can live with OR WITHOUT oxygen while eukaryotes require oxygen |
|
|
Term
| earth's initial atmosphere |
|
Definition
| Initial atmosphere should have been rich in He and H, and contained noble gasses. (i.e. –it contained the lightest elements) |
|
|
Term
| source of the “secondary” ocean & atmosphere: |
|
Definition
volcanoes.
Volcanic gasses are
rich in H2O, CO2,
N, SO2 and CH4 |
|
|
Term
| if O2 is absent, iron is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if oxygen is abundant, iron is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxygen appears a lot more: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major source of oxygen as we know it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Evidence for precambrian life: |
|
Definition
| -stromatolites, a type of trace fossil –since 3.8 billion years ago-fossils of single-celled prokaryotes -since 3.2 billion years ago-fossils of single-celled eukaryotes -since 2.1 billion years ago |
|
|
Term
The oldest direct fossil evidence for a group of large, multicellular animals occurs in rocks:
known as? |
|
Definition
570 my ago
"Ediacara fauna“ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
545 my ago
there is the “sudden”development of shells, which in turn, leads to the “sudden”occurrence of numerous types of fossils in rocks. |
|
|
Term
| what marks the beginning of the Paleozoic era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long did the cambrian explosion last for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| •provides attachments for muscles, thus better locomotion•provides support for soft body parts, thus body size can increase•provide protection from predators |
|
|
Term
| what did the erosion of the Rockies produce? |
|
Definition
| Lots of sedimentary rocks that filled the gaps in the mountains. created oil deposits |
|
|
Term
| key features of vertebrates |
|
Definition
– Stiff elongate support structure (bones, cartilage)
– Central nervous system
– Blood
– Gills or lungs to “breathe” oxygen
– Appendages (limbs, fins) for locomotion |
|
|
Term
| difficulties needed to be overcome to live on land |
|
Definition
• locomotion
• reproduction
• lungs
• regulate body’s water |
|
|
Term
| when did amphibians develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| #1 Advancement of Reptiles |
|
Definition
| development of the shelled-egg, which allowed reptiles to reproduce independent of water |
|
|
Term
| When did reptiles originate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oldest known chordate fossil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total disappearance of a species or higher taxon from the rock record |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. End of Ordovician
2. Late Devonian
3. end of Permian
4. end of Triassic
5. end of Cretaceous |
|
|
Term
| what organisms are most affected by extinction? |
|
Definition
Large carnivores
tropical species
highly specialized species |
|
|
