Term
| Is the lithosphere just the crust? Crust and all of the mantle? Crust and part of the mantle? |
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Definition
| The Lithosphere is the crust and just the upper mantle |
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Term
| What is a typical plate motion rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| At which type of plate boundary would you find a ridge? |
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Definition
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Term
| At which type of plate boundary would you find a trench? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kinds of plate boundaries are associated with volcanic activity and which aren't? |
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Definition
| Convergent and Divergent are |
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Term
| What is a geographic example of each type of plate boundary? For example, where is subduction happening in the world today? |
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Definition
The mid Atlantic is an example of a Divergent plate boundary, OR the East African rift. (continental rifts are forming).
The San Andreas fault is an example of a Transform boundry
The Andes, Sierra Nevada, and Cascades mountains are an example of a Convergent boundary. (Plates collide and an ocean trench forms) (volcanic arcs form) |
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Term
| What is the age of the sea floor? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the age of the sea floor vary with distance from a mid-ocean ridge? |
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Definition
| New magma is closest to the rift |
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Term
| What is a hot spot? Where are some hot spots located? |
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Definition
| A crack in the lithosphere and crust that spews magma, hawaii |
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Term
| What is a mantle plume? How are plumes and hot spots related? |
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Definition
| Warm rock that flows slowly upward beneath a hot spot. A mantle plume causes hot spots |
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Term
| A chain of volcanic islands forms over a hot spot. Relative to the hot spot, where are the youngest and oldest islands in the chain? |
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Definition
| The oldest island are farther away |
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Term
| In what ways does volcanic activity near a subduction zone differ from volcanic activity at a hot spot? |
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Definition
| Hot spots have high concentrations of basalt and other elements and have varied compsition as opposed to a uniform composition. |
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Term
| Describe the pattern of normal and reverse magnetic anomalies on the sea floor near a mid-ocean ridge. |
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Definition
Normal: north magnetic pole is near the north magnetic pole and South
Reverse polarity: is opposite (happens every few million years) |
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Term
| Why are the plates moving? Include the words “asthenosphere,” “heat transport,” “convection,” “ridge push,” and “slab pull” in your explanation. |
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Definition
| Subduction of plates into the asthenosphere pull trailing plates “slab pull” with them. In ridge push, slabs of lithosphere slide down the ride. Convection flow in the mantle is the primary heat transport system, taking heat away from the earth’s interior to the surface, This is called convection |
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Term
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Definition
| Large scale processes affecting the structure of the earth’s crust |
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Term
| How was Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis received by the scientific community at the time of its publication? |
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Definition
| Harsh criticism, no one liked him |
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Term
| Where has all of the old (>180 million year old) seafloor gone? |
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Definition
| Its been lost to subduction back into the earth |
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Term
| Is plate motion measurable today? Explain. |
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Definition
| Yes, through GPS. May be measured using the length of a hot spot track and the time interval between formation of oldest and youngest volcanoes |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that takes place at convergent boundries by which 1 tectonic plate moves under another plate, sinking into the earths mantle |
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Term
| What are some geographic examples of hot spots? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kind of volcanic rock is associated with mid-ocean ridges? Which kind(s) is/are associated with continental rifts? With continental hot spots? With oceanic hot spots? |
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Definition
| Mid ocean ridges: Igneous |
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Term
| What kind of volcanic rock is typical of a stratovolcano? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are most stratovolcanoes found? |
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Definition
| A relatively narrow zone that rims the pacific ocean |
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Term
| Are stratovolcanoes found near subduction zones? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ring of Fire surrounds which ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do vulcanologists monitor at a volcano which might (or might not) erupt? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Asthenoshpere is part of the...? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Earth's early atmosphere had abundant amounts of oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| The gasses that made up earths early atmosphere came from...? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Much of earths early atmosphere combined with iron dissolved in water to become iron oxide |
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Definition
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Term
| Which energy sources are thought to drive the lateral motions of earths lithosphereic plates? |
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Definition
| Export of heat from deep within the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| energy that moves freely in and out but no matter enters nor leaves the system |
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Term
| Crystal settling involves |
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Definition
| crystals sinking to the bottom of a magma chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| Beauty , durability and rarity |
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Term
| True or False: Bowen's reaction series predicts the sizes of different mineral grains that grow from crystallizing magma |
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Definition
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Term
| The mid atlantic ridge is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which was NEVER proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangea |
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Definition
| Islands of Precambrian rocks along the mid atlantic ridge |
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Term
| Which of the following statments apply to the asthenosphere and not the lithosphere |
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Definition
| Zone in the Upper mantle that deforms by plastic flowage |
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Term
| Order of the planets.....GO! |
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Definition
| Sun --> Mercury --> Venus --> Earth --> Mars --> Asteroid Belt --> Jupiter --> Saturn --> Uranus --> Neptune |
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Term
| Mount St. Helens and other cascade volcanoes are... |
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Definition
| Young, active stratovolcanoes built on a continental margin above a sinking lab of oceanic lithosphere |
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Term
| The volcanoes and deep valleys of East Africa are related to a... |
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Definition
| continental rift along which parts of the african continent are beginning to slowly seperate |
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Term
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Definition
| a logical evolutionary analog of the african rift valleys 10 million years old |
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Term
| How many minerals are there? |
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Definition
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