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| A ________ is is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. |
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| ___________ will change the characteristics of floods especially in smaller streams |
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| A ___________ is one of a number of channel types and has a channel that consists of a network of small channels separated by small and often temporary islands called braid bars |
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| When there is intense rainfall there is a short duration of an _____________. |
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| A _______________ is a flood that has a 10% chance to occur every year. |
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| ultimate base level is also known as ______________. |
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| Bed load is __________ of the amount of sediments being transported downriver. |
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| With the same amount of discharge, a short narrow channel will have _______________ than a wide deep channel. |
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Definition
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| a downstream flood covers ___________. |
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Definition
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| an upstream flood is quick and covers ________________. |
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Definition
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| The _______________ is the region drained by a single river or river system. |
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| The 1980 eruption of Mt St Helens did not produce _______________. |
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Definition
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| Ash plumes are ____________. |
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Definition
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| The 1993 Mississippi river flood was affected greatly by the st Louis flood walls that produced ________________. |
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Definition
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| The suspended load in a river is mostly _______________. |
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Definition
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| The dam-like effect of the 1993 Mississippi river flood caused __________________. |
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Definition
| the flooding of 4 streams |
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Term
| The portion of rainfall that flows off land and directly into the river is referred to as ____________. |
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Definition
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| A stream channel has ________________. |
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Definition
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| We accommodate additional discharge by _____________. |
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Definition
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| The total load or volume of sediment in a river is known as ______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A ___________ is a steep conical hill of volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent. |
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Definition
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Term
| hawaiin islands formed as a result of __________________. |
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Definition
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| An _____________ is avalanche of volcanic ash, generally a highly heated mixture of volcanic gases and ash, traveling down the flanks of a volcano or along the surface of the ground. |
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Definition
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Term
| when mt st helens erupted, what was the first event? |
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Definition
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| a lahar is _________________. |
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Definition
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| ____________ plays a big influence in the nature of a volcanic eruption. |
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Definition
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| a shield volcano is __________ in composition. |
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Definition
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| composite volcanoes are formed from ______________. |
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Definition
| lava flow and pyroclasic debris |
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| A ___________ is one of the last thing that can kill you in a volcanic eruption. |
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Definition
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| There are many things that can kill you during an eruption ________________ lava flow. |
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Definition
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| ___________ was a 1991 eruption that killed over 20 scientists and journalists. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is topographic monitoring useful in forecasting volcanoes? |
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Definition
| The mountain may swell which can be picked up by the monitoring. |
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| Why is it important to know volcanic frequency? |
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Definition
| It tells you how often the volcano erupts. |
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Term
| Why are seismographs useful? |
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Definition
| they can detect lava moving in the subsurface that create a lot of small earthquakes |
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Term
| ____________ was a very large eruption with few deaths because the people there were very prepared for that eruption. |
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Definition
| Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines |
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Term
| At _________ something was triggered and a sudden release of about 1.6 million tonnes of CO2 this cloud rose at nearly 62 miles per hour. |
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Definition
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| A ___________ when snow and glaciers are melted by lava or a pyroclastic flow during an eruption. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Aside from the dangers of breathing it in, the ash can collapse a building. |
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Term
| How did Iceland stop a lava flow? |
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Definition
| They sprayed the flow with 6 million cubic meters of water to cool the lava enough so it would solidify. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a crater and caldera? |
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Definition
| During certain types of climactic eruptions, the volcano's magma chamber may empty enough for an area above it to subside, forming what may appear to be a crater but is actually known as a caldera. |
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Term
| Continental volcanoes are usually in _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are most active volcanoes associated with plate tectonics? |
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Definition
| It has to do with sinking and spreading of quakes that produce magma. |
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Term
| The viscosity of the magma is controlled by _____________________. |
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Definition
| the temperature and the amount of silica |
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Term
| How is the shape of a shield volcano is a function of the viscosity of it. |
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Definition
| The magma is very very viscous and slow moving so the sides of the volcano have a very large slope at a small angle. |
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Term
| know what composite volcanoes are composed of __________________. |
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Definition
| alternating layers of lava and rock fragments |
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Term
| Mid oceanic ridge volcanism produces what kind of volcanic rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ash flow is also referred to as _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _________ is a cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption |
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Definition
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| A __________ is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. |
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Definition
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