Term
| the physical breakdown and chemical decomposition of rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| transfer of rock and soil downslope under the influence of gravity? |
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Definition
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Term
| physical removal of material by water, wind, ice, or gravity? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| breaks rock into smaller pieces without a compositional change? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical reactions transform rock to new minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Breaking apart with NO chemical change? |
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Definition
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Term
| types of mechanical weathering: __wedging, ___ ___, ___,___expansion, ___ activity. |
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Definition
| frost; salt crystals; unloading; thermal; biological |
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Term
| (the most important of the mechanical weathering processes)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water in cracks freezes and expands breaking rock apart and Occurs in moist climate with daily freeze-frost cycles (temperate – alpine)? |
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Definition
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Term
| frost wedging produces ___ slopes. |
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Definition
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Term
| grow in cracks, Salt precipitates when water evaporates from the pore spaces leaving the salt behind, Pushes rock pieces apart similar to frost wedging, Important process where roads are salted to deice in the winter? |
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Definition
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Term
Erosion exposes rock and results in decreased pressure on the new top layer.
–Rock expands and cracks
–Happens in any climate? |
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Definition
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Term
| unloading forms ___domes. |
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Definition
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Term
| example of unloading a exfoliation is __ __ in central ___. |
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Definition
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Term
Daily heating and cooling
•different minerals expand differently
•rock cracks
•climate - deserts? |
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Definition
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Term
| plant roots - wedge apart fractures humans – construction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Breaks down internal structure of minerals and it alters to a new mineral? |
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Definition
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Term
| most important agent in chemical weathering is ___. bec. it transports ions and is responsible for chemical reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon dioxide in air combines with rain to form ____ acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbonic acid in the acid rain then dissolves ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we make acid rain? The atmosphere already contained some ___ ___ and rain was already slightly ___. Combustion of ___ ___ has increased the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere and so rain has become more acid. |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide; acid; hydocarbons fuels |
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Term
| Unpolluted rain pH approx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Normal rain pH approximately? |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical weathering:Feldspar and other silicate minerals reacts with acid in rain to form ___ ___ which is a slow process. |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical weathering: Oxygen in rain oxidizes___ ___. its like rusting a iron nail. |
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Definition
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Term
| chemical weathering can result in __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
start with jointed bedrock
–dissolve corners of angular rock pieces? |
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Definition
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Term
| controlling factors of chemical weathering are ___ __, __ __ and ___. |
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Definition
| surface area; mineral composition; climate |
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Term
Break rock into smaller pieces increases surface area and weathering is faster
•Physical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces, increases weathering rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ minerals dissolve faster than ___ minerals. |
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Definition
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Term
| Weathering of Silicate Minerals follows ___ ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| High temperature silicates weather faster than low temperature silicate minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most important climatic factors is __ and ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| most important in cold-moist climates because the freeze thaw cycle results in frost wedging.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical weathering is best in a___ ___ ___(tropical-rain forest the best). |
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Definition
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Term
| The product of physical and chemical weathering is a mixture of eroded rock, decaying organic matter, water, air and billions of living organisms.? |
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Definition
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Term
| soil is composed of ___,___ and ___ ___. |
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Definition
| minerals; humus; pore space |
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Term
| disintegrated and decomposed to clay, silt, sand? |
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Definition
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Term
| organic matter from the decayed remains of plants or animals;It is not a soil without organic matter because the organic matter is needed to support life. ? |
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Definition
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Term
| containing air and water? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is not a soil bec. it lacks humus so it cannot support life. |
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Definition
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Term
| the loose rock rubble accumulated at the surface over solid rock.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Soil forming processes operate from the surface downward developing horizontal layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| humus and mineral matter (clay, silt, sand). This is the important layer that supports life (supports crop growth)? |
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Definition
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Term
| only mineral matter (clay, silt, sand)? |
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Definition
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Term
| accumulation of clay leached from above? |
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Definition
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Term
| "The nation that destroys its soil destroys itself."? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rainforest soils cannot support ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| All elements are leached out leaving only unreactive Fe and Al oxides minerals forming a soil? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ soil is poor for farming, |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the movement of soil components especially topsoil, from one place to another by the action of wind and water.? |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs when soil loss exceeds soil production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Poor agricultural practices in the US and a 10 year drought in the 1930’s resulted in erosion so severe it nearly destroyed our most important agricultural areas in central US? |
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Definition
| us dust bowl in the 1930s |
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Term
| ____ produced from corn or other grains can deplete the topsoil of nutrients. |
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Definition
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