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Definition
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1. Cold Water
2. Dry Land
3. High Level Wind Shear |
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Definition
| three ways to kill a hurricane |
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Term
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Definition
| order of earthquake waves |
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Term
1. Recognizing the Problem
2. Collecting Data
3. Proposing a Hypothesis
4. Testing the Hypothesis |
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Definition
| the steps of the scientific method |
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Term
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Definition
| conducted mind experiments |
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Term
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Definition
| hypotheses that can be falsified |
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Term
| Some good ideas are impossible to test. |
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Definition
| weakness of the scientific method |
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Term
1. Blue Shift
2. Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
3. Distribution of Galaxies
4. Abundance of Light Elements |
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Definition
| four pillars of the big bang theory |
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Term
| Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation |
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Definition
| leftover radiation from the big bang |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| percentage of hydrogen in the universe |
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Definition
| percentage of helium in the universe |
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Term
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Definition
| elements created in nucleosynthesis |
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Term
1. Movement of Stars
2. Foucault's Pendulum |
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Definition
| two reasons backing up the theory that the earth is moving |
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Definition
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| decreases as you move away from the equator |
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Definition
| made of the same elements as earth |
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Definition
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Definition
| new classification of Pluto |
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Term
1. Orbit Around a Sun
2. Enough Mass to Pull into a Spherical Shape
3. Big Enough to Clear its Neighborhood |
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Definition
| three criteria to becoming a planet |
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Term
| Big Enough to Clear the Neighborhood |
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Definition
| criteria of being a planet that Pluto failed |
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Term
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Definition
| has an eccentric orbit that takes it closer to the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| most famous trans-Neptunean object |
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Term
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Definition
| most famous member of the Kuiper Belt |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| found fifty four planets that are in the habitable zone in the Milky Way |
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Term
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Definition
| number of confirmed exoplanets |
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Term
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Definition
| zone where liquid water could exist |
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Term
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Definition
| number of galaxies in the visible universe |
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Term
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Definition
| started one billion years after the big bang because of intense heat and pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| intense heat and pressure within stars acts as... |
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Term
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Definition
| where the heaviest elements are formed |
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Term
| 4.6 billion years old - 5 billion years old |
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Definition
| age of the earth and the solar system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interior of the earth separates into core and mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| iron and nickel sank to the center of the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| large planetesimal hit earth and the debris formed the moon |
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Term
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Definition
| started the earth spinning and the twenty four hour day |
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Term
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Definition
| results in the atmosphere forming |
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Term
| Formation of the Atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| two countries with the most amount of space junk numerically |
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Term
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Definition
| measured the earth to have a circumference to be 39300km |
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Term
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Definition
| circumference of the earth |
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Definition
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Term
1. Distance from the Sun
2. Size
3. Percentage of Cloud Cover |
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Definition
| three facets of the definition of earth like |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship of planets in our solar system in regards to age |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| type of magnet the earth is |
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Term
| Solid Iron and Nickel Alloy |
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Definition
| composition of inner core |
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Term
| Liquid Iron and Nickel Alloy |
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Definition
| composition of outer core |
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Term
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Definition
| creates the magnetic field through movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| charged particles from the sun |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| shape of the earth's magnetic field |
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Term
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Definition
| protects from lethal radiation that makes it past the magnetic field |
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Definition
| funneled by the Van Allen belts to the North or South poles to create aurorae |
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Term
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Definition
| interaction of solar wind with gas in the atmosphere |
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Definition
| multicellular life formed |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposhere |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| heterosphere of the atmospheric layers |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules are far enough apart that they don't hit |
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Term
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Definition
| atmospheric level where meteorites burn |
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Term
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Definition
| meteorites burning in the mesosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| two atmospheric layers with convection |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature rises with height |
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Term
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Definition
| atmospheric layer with no convection |
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Term
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Definition
| atmospheric layer containing clouds |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of temperature stabilization in between spheres |
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Term
| Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere |
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Definition
| three homogenous atmospheric layers |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| percent of nitrogen in the earth's atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| percent of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| planet with a really thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| planet with no atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| planet with thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide |
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Term
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Definition
| two most abundant elements in earth's first atmosphere |
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Definition
| stripped away by solar winds |
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Definition
| consisted of water, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia |
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Term
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Definition
| era of the iron catastrophe |
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Term
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Definition
| era of the moon's formation |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| evidence of ocean formation |
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Definition
| would have a similar atmosphere as earth if it could have oceans |
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Definition
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Term
| Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria |
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Definition
| first fossil evidence of life |
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Term
| Photosynthetic Cyanobacteria |
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Definition
| added oxygen to atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed evolution to explode with enough oxygen in the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| oxygen builds up to present values |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| evidence of low oxygen environment |
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Definition
| evidence of high oxygen environment |
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Definition
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Definition
| three distinctive surface types |
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Term
| Iron, Oxygen, Silicon, Magnesium |
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Definition
| four major elements on earth |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of iron on earth |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of oxygen in earth |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of silicon in the earth |
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Term
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Definition
| percentage of magnesium in earth |
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Term
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Definition
| two biggest elements in earth's crust |
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Term
| Crust, Moho, Mantle, Core |
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Definition
| four chemical layers of earth |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| most common rock found in the mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| iron and nickel rich chemical layer of earth |
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Term
| Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core |
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Definition
| five physical layers of earth |
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Term
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Definition
| crust plus a little of the upper mantle |
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Term
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Definition
| brittle physical layer of earth |
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Term
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Definition
| physical layer of earth made of plates |
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Term
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Definition
| ductile physical layer of earth |
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Term
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Definition
| physical layer of earth that consists of solid hot rocks that moves very slowly |
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Term
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Definition
| solid, more rigid physical layer of earth |
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Term
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Definition
| liquid physical layer of earth |
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Term
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Definition
| consistency of inner core |
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Term
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Definition
| seismic waves that cannot travel through liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure at the center of the earth |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| causes earth's magnetic field because of the convection that takes place |
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Definition
| the theory that earth is made of all one rock that is stable and the continents do not move |
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Term
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Definition
| father of continental drift |
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Term
| 1-15 Centimeters Per Year |
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Definition
| amount of continental drift |
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Definition
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Definition
| developed the theory of sea floor spreading |
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Term
| Bathymetry, Reversals, Paleomagnetism |
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Definition
| three pieces of evidence backing up the idea of sea floor spreading |
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Term
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Definition
| explains how the plates moving on the asthenosphere works |
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Term
| Archimedes Principle of Buoyancy |
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Definition
| upward force that acts on an immersed or floating object |
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Term
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Definition
| spewed oxygen into the atmosphere for over a million years before the atmosphere was oxygenated |
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Term
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Definition
| have low silica volcanism and shallow earthquake depths |
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Term
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Definition
| have intermediate to high earthquake depths and intermediate silica volcanism |
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Term
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Definition
| have little volcanism and shallow earthquake depths |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
1. Trench
2. Accretionary Prism
3. Volcanic Arc |
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Definition
| three common features of a convergent boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| type of volcanism that is silica rich |
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Term
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Definition
| forms tall mountains that extend very deeply |
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Definition
| deepest crust in the world |
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Definition
| three plates coming together |
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Definition
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Definition
| sourced by mantle plumes that originate near the core mantle boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| submerged hot spot islands |
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Definition
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Definition
| hypothesis as to what causes plate tectonics |
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Term
1. Naturally Occurring
2. Solid
3. Inorganic
4. Definable Chemical Composition
5. Orderly Arrangement of Atoms |
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Definition
| five criteria of classifying a mineral |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| solid formed from a single mineral |
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Term
1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Metallic
4. Hydrogen
5. van der Waals |
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Definition
| five types of bonds in order from strongest to weakest |
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Term
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Definition
| bond that shares electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| bond in which negative atoms are attracted to positive atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| bond in which the outer shell of electrons moves freely from one atom to another |
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Definition
| bond in which hydrogen attracts to a negative atom |
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Definition
| bond in which positive atoms are attracted to negative atoms |
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Definition
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Definition
| two minerals with the same chemical composition but different internal structure |
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Term
1. Solidification of a Melt
2. Precipitate Out of a Solution
3. Solid State Diffusion
4. Biomineralization
5. Fumerolic |
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Definition
| five types of mineral formation |
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Term
|
Definition
| uninhibited growth that leads to a perfect crystal |
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Term
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Definition
| obstacles to crystal growth |
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Term
1. Melting
2. Dissolving
3. Chemical Reactions |
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Definition
| three ways to destroy a mineral |
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Term
1. Color
2. Streak
3. Luster
4. Hardness
5. Specific Gravity
6. Crystal Habit
7. Cleavage |
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Definition
| seven ways to identify a mineral |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| color of powder when pulverized |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| how readily a mineral scratches something |
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Definition
| a one on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| a two on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a three on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a four on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a five on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a six on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a seven on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| an eight on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a nine on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
| a ten on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Definition
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Definition
| a 2.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| a 3.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| a 5.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| a 6.5 on the Mohs Hardness Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| the shape of the crystal structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| attracts a magnet due to iron |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| makes a black mark on paper |
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Term
1. Silicates
2. Oxides
3. Sulfides
4. Sulfates
5. Halides
6. Carbonates
7. Native Metals |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| major rock forming mineral class |
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Term
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Definition
| makes up 95% of the continental crust |
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Definition
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Definition
| share two or three oxygen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| shares three oxygen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| shares all four oxygen atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| best way to identify a mineral |
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Term
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Definition
| minerals that have value and are rare and beautiful |
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Term
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Definition
| cut minerals used in jewelry |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| micro crystalline quartz gem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| pure compressed carbon gem |
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