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| the study of Earth's surface and interior |
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| a person who specializes in the scientific study of the orgin, history and structure of the earth |
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| Gaseous envelope surrounding the earth, the air |
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| In the atmosphere- absorbs ultraviolet rays preventing the rays from reaching earth |
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| The ablity of the Earth's atmosphere to sbsorb long heat waves from Earth after allowing the suns short waves to pass through it |
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| Gases containing chlorine fluorine and carbon atoms that break down the ozon layer and weaken protection from ultraviolet waves |
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| the outer solid shell of Earth that extends to a depth of about 100 kilometers |
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| The layer of rock in earth extending from the crust downward 2850 kilometers |
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| Spherical center of earth about 2800km in diameter and made of solid iron = nickel |
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| Zone of Earths interior extending about 2100 b/w the Earths inner core + mantle +made of liquid iron +nickel |
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| Outer Layer of earth that covers the earths mantle |
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| all the waters of earth, including both surface and subsurface water |
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| process by which earth materials are moved by natural agents like moving water, wind, and ice |
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| A group of minerals bound together |
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| Naturally occurring inorganic solid substance with a definite chemical composition and structure |
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| a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or Physical means |
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| A property of rocks that helps to determine it's identity |
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| the resistance of a mineral to scratching |
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| Characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals |
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| the color of a mineral when a powdered or rubbed on by a streak plate |
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| the way a mineral reflects light |
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| the tendency of a mineral to split easily along planes parallel to the crystal faces leaving smooth flat surfaces in one or more directions |
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| Appearance of a mineral surface where it breaks along other than cleavage planes |
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| Solid substance in which the atoms or ions are arranged in an orderly pattern that repeats over and over again |
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| Rocks formed by the solidification of hot molten rock material called magma |
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| Hot liquid rock beneath Earths surface |
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| Molten rock that reaches Earths surface |
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| Characteristic structure of a rock given by it's size shape and arragement of it's mineral crystals |
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| Rocks formed from sediments bound together in some way |
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| Act or process of uniting minerals rocks and organic material to form larger rocks |
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| the remains impressions or other evidence of the former existence of life preserved in rock |
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| Rocks formed by the effect of heat press and chemical action on other rocks |
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| strip of concrasting color or material |
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| Sedimantary , medamorphic and igneous rock |
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| Theory of the formation and movement of the rigid pieces, or plates that cover earths surface |
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