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| process by which water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid |
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| the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake |
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| the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some frequencies than at others |
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| is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium |
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| hydrofracture (“hydrofracking”) |
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| the fracturing of rock by a pressurized liquid |
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| one convergent plate going under the other found at volcanoes, earthquakes and Mountain ranges |
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| is a subduction zone, a type of convergent plate boundary that stretches from northern Vancouver Island to northern California. It is a very long sloping fault that separates the Juan de Fuca and North America plates |
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| plate that neighbors juan de fuca plate and is closet to Humboldt county, it also is different then plates because it has so many deformation within the plate boundaries |
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| magnetic stripe (magnetic anomaly) |
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| local variation in the Earth's magnetic field resulting from variations in the chemistry or magnetism of the rocks |
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| waves of energy that travel through the Earth's layers, and are a result of an earthquake, explosion, or a volcano that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy |
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| S wave (secondary wave, shear wave) |
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| one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, S-waves are like waves in a rope, as opposed to waves moving through a slinky, the P-wave |
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| a graph output by a seismograph. It is a record of the ground motion at a measuring station as a function of time |
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| he point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates |
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| Local magnitude (Richter magnitude, ML) |
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| developed to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during an earthquake.The scale is a base-10 logarithmic scale. The magnitude is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph to an arbitrary small amplitude |
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| the power transferred per unit area |
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| an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or proven to be true |
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| the deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces |
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| type of fault, or break in the Earth's crust across which there has been relative movement, in which rocks of lower stratigraphic position are pushed up and over higher strata |
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| left-lateral strike-slip fault |
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| type of fault, or break in the Earth's crust across which there has been relative movement, in which rocks of lower stratigraphic position are pushed up and over higher strata |
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| is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period |
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| the dropping in sea level around seismic plates |
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| statement about the outcome of a future event |
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The Act was one of several that changed building codes and practices to improve earthquake safety. These changes are intended to reduce the damage from future earthquakes.
1) It directs the State of California Division of Mines and Geology (now known as the California Geological Survey) to compile detailed maps of the surface traces of known active faults. These maps include both the best known location where faults cut the surface and a buffer zone around the known trace(s);
2) It requires property owners (or their real estate agents) to formally and legally disclose that their property lies within the zones defined on those maps before selling the property; and
3) It prohibits new construction of houses within these zones unless a comprehensive geologic investigation shows that the fault does not pose a hazard to the proposed structure. |
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| tests normal and pre-stressed concrete beams for earthquake safety |
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| system utilized to reinforce building structures in which diagonal supports intersect |
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| type of fault whose relative motion is predominantly horizontal and spreads apart form the other boundaries |
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| largest tectonic plate on earth |
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| theory of plate tectonics |
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| theory that earth crust is broken up into tectonic plates that create divergent, convergent and transform faults which create volcanoes, mountain ranges and |
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| type of elastic wave, called seismic waves in seismology, that can travel through a continuum and P-wave is often said to stand either for primary wave, as it has the highest velocity and is therefore the first to be recorded; or pressure wave,[1] as it is formed from alternating compressions and rarefactions. |
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| instruments that measure motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other seismic sources |
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| measure of the energy of an earthquake |
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| seismic scale used for measuring the intensity of an earthquake |
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| explanation for how energy is spread during earthquakes/ rocks on opposite sides of a fault are subjected to force and shift, they accumulate energy and slowly deform until their internal strength is exceeded. At that time, a sudden movement occurs along the fault, releasing the accumulated energy, and the rocks snap back to their original undeformed shape. |
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| occurs above the fault plane |
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| A fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall |
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| fault plane terminates before it reaches the Earth's surface/ difficult to find until they rupture. |
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| Interval between two major earthquakes |
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| forrest killed during earthqueake |
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| soft story (in a building) |
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| multi-storey building in which one or more floors have windows, wide doors, large unobstructed commercial spaces, or other openings in places where a shear wall would normally be required for stability as a matter of earthquake engineering design |
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| describes the inelastic deformation in the source region that generates the seismic waves |
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| tectonic plate generated from the Juan de Fuca Ridge and is subducting under the northerly portion of the western side of the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone |
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| tectonic plate covering most of North America, Greenland, Cuba, Bahamas, and parts of Iceland and the Azores |
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| mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities |
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| focus (hypocenter, hypocentre) |
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| refers to the site of an earthquake or a nuclear explosion |
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| used by seismologists to measure the size of earthquakes in terms of the energy released |
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| a proposed explanation for a phenomenon |
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| he tendency of solid materials to return to their original shape after being deformed |
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| The underlying block of a fault having an inclined fault plane. |
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| variants of a particular chemical element such that, while all isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in each atom, they differ in neutron number |
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| series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami |
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| a phenomenon of wave propagation in dispersive media |
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