Term
The characteristics of sediment deposited in an area depend on:
1. ---
2. Physical, chemical, and biological processes in the depositional environment
3. Method of sediment transport |
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Term
An area may be:
1. --- like midwestern US
2. Rising gently, like England and parts of Canada
3. --- to produce mountains and plateaus - parts of Oregon in the Cascade mountains |
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Definition
| Rising actively to produce mountains and plateaus |
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Term
| --- in the depositional basin leads to the accumulation of great thicknesses of sediment |
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| Stable interior of a continent; undisturbed by --- events since the Precambrian. |
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| --- - Ancient crystalline rocks covered by flat-lying or gently warped sedimentary rocks. |
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| --- -in origin - Sediments formed from the weathering of pre-existing rocks outside the basin, and transported to the environment of deposition. |
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| --- - in origin - Sediments form inside the basin; includes chemical precipitates, most carbonate rocks, and coal. |
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| --- environments (on land). |
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Term
Marine Depositional Environments
1. Continental Shelf
2. ---
3. ---
4. Abyssal plain |
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Definition
Continental Rise
Continental Slope |
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Term
| continental shelf is Locally cut by --- (eroded by rivers during Ice Age low sea level stand). |
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| continental slope has Rapid sediment transport down the slope by dense, muddy --- |
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| continental rise Passes seaward into the ---. |
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Traditional Depositional Environments
1. Deltas
2. Beaches
3. ---
4. Tidal flats
5. Estuaries |
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Term
| Tidal Flats May be marshy, muddy, sandy or mixed sediment types --- |
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Definition
| (either terrigenous or carbonate) |
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Term
| Tidal flats has --- that may be present |
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| --- are shallow, temporary lakes that form in arid region |
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| Glacial deposits called --- contain large volumes of unsorted mixtures of boulders, gravel, sand, and clay. |
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| --- is the agent of sediment transport and deposition in eolian environments. |
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| Black and dark gray coloration in sedimentary rocks generally indicates the presence of --- and/or iron |
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| red beds typically indicate depostion in well-oxygenated --- |
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| In general, it takes --- to transport larger grains |
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Definition
| higher energy (higher water velocity) |
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Term
| turbulence from waves will --- out finer grain sizes such as silt and clay, leaving sands on the beach. |
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| Poor sorting is the result of rapid deposition of sediment without sorting by currents. Examples of poorly-sorted sediment include alluvial fan deposits and ---. |
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| --- have well rounded clasts |
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| If the particles are angular, the rock is a --- |
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Sands and Sandstones
1. Quartz
2. Feldspar
3. --- |
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| ---is characteristic of deltaic coastal plains, and may be deposited in nearshore marine environments, swamps, or marshes. Associated with coal and micaceous shales. |
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| --- - Weathering product of feldspars. |
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| --- - This is the major clay mineral in ancient shales |
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| Clays and shales typically indicate --- |
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| The smallest lithostratigraphic rock unit is the ---. |
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| --- - Each depositional environment grades laterally into other depositional environments. |
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Term
| The branch of geology that deals with the correlation of rock units from one area to another is known as ---. |
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