Term
| Estuaries are located where? |
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Definition
| At the mouth of the river drowned by the sea |
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Term
| Estuaries have what type of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many estuaries form due to --- and ---? |
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Definition
sea level rise from the end of the last ice age
tectonic subsidence |
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Term
| What are five continental environments? |
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Definition
River
Allvial fans
Lakes
Glacial environments
Eolian environments |
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Term
| River Channels, bars, levees, and floodplains are subenvironments of what main environment |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are fan-shaped deposits at the base of a mountain |
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Definition
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Term
| Alluvial fans are most common in what type of environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Alluvial fan sediment is usally (course;poorly-sorted/fine; well-sorted) sand and gravel |
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Definition
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Term
Lake Environments may be:
A. Small and shallow
B. Large and deep
C. Both A and B |
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Definition
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Term
| Terrigenous, carbonate, or evaporitic sediments are usually found in what type of environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are shallow, temporary lakes that form in arid regions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical environment where sediment is eroded, transported, and deposited by ice |
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Definition
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Term
| Glacial deposits called --- contain large volumes of unsorted mixtures of boulders, gravel, sand, and clay. |
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Definition
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Term
| In eolian environments, --- is the main agent of sediment transport and deposition |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical environment common in many desert regions |
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Definition
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Term
| Black and dark gray coloration in sedimentary rocks generally indicates the presence of --- and/or iron. |
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Definition
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Term
| Organic carbon in sedimentary requires --- environmental conditions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Red coloration in sedimentary rocks indicates the presence of --- |
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Definition
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Term
| --- typically indicate deposition in well-oxygenated continental sedimentary environments. May also be transitional or marine. |
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Definition
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Term
| The typical coloration in sedimentary rocks that indicate the presence of iron, but a reduced state |
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Definition
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Term
| --- - is the size, shape, sorting, and arrangement of grains in a sedimentary rock. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fine grained textures typically indicate deposition in --- |
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Definition
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Term
| In general, it takes (higher/lower) energy to transport larger grains. |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are the larger grains in the rock (gravel, sand, silt) |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are the fine-grained material surrounding clasts (often clay) |
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Definition
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Term
| --- is the "glue" that hold rocks together |
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Definition
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Term
The grain size of --- is > 2mm
A. Gravel
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Clay |
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Definition
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Term
The grain size of --- is between 1/16-2mm
A. Gravel
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Clay |
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Definition
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Term
The grain size of --- is between 1/256-1/16mm
A. Gravel
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Clay |
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Definition
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Term
The grain size of --- is < 1/256mm
A. Gravel
B. Sand
C. Silt
D. Clay |
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Definition
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Term
| Refers to the distribution of grain sizes in a rock |
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Definition
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Term
| term is used when turbulence from waves will --- out finer grain sizes, leaving sands on the beach. |
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Definition
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Term
| A poorly sorted mixture of rocks would include ---(3) |
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Definition
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Term
| Well-sorted sands tend to have (higher/lower) porosity and permeability |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of poorly-sorted sediments include (2; not rocks) |
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Definition
Alluvial fan deposits
Glacial till |
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Term
| Grain shape is described in terms of --- and --- |
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Definition
| rounding of grain edges and sphericity |
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Term
| These types of rock have well rounded clasts |
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Definition
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Term
| In grain shape, if the particles are angular, the rock is a -- |
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Definition
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Term
| Rounding results from --- against other particles and grain impact during transport |
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Definition
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Term
| --- can provide information about the environmental conditions under which the sediment was deposited. |
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Definition
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Term
| --- - is layering or bedding |
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Definition
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Term
| The grain size in a graded bed is --- at the bottom and --- at the top. |
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Definition
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Term
| are undulations of the sediment surface produced as wind or water moves across sand. |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are produced by waves or oscillating water. |
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Definition
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Term
| --- form in unidirectional currents (such as in streams or rivers). |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are depressions or erosional features formed as a current flows across a bed of sand. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of rock that has 25% or more feldspar |
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Definition
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Term
| Rock that has about 30% dark fine-grained matrix |
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Definition
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Term
| The type of sandstone that includes: quartz, muscovite, chert, and other rock fragments; But it has less than 15% matrix. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sandstone classification that has a long time in the depositional basin, has a tectonically stable setting, and has shallow environments |
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Definition
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Term
| sandstone classification that has a short time in the depositional basin, found in an arid climate, and has tectonic activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Sandstone classification that a tectonically active source area and basin, and rapid erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcite and Aragonite are types of --- rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| Dolostone and Limestone are characterized as what type of rock |
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Definition
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Term
| Most carbonate rocks form in what type of environment |
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Definition
| shallow marine environment |
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Term
| Warm, shallow, and clear water are characteristics of what kind of environment |
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Definition
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Term
| --- are tiny spheres composed of concentrically laminated calcium carbonate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Forms when magnesium in sea water replaces calcium in calcium carbonate in a limestone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kaolinites, smectites, and Illites are types of --- minerals |
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Definition
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Term
| In clay minerals, the weathering product of feldspar |
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Definition
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Term
| In clay minerals, --- may contain magnesium, calcium, and/or sodium ions |
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Definition
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Term
| the major clay mineral in ancient shales |
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Definition
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Term
| Clays and shales typically indicate (high/low) energy environments |
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Definition
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Term
| Very fine-grained rock composed of clay, mud, and silt |
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Definition
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Term
| term used meaning that it splits readily into thin, flat layers |
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Definition
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Term
| A very fine-grained rock composed of tiny (less than 1/256 mm) clay minerals, mica, and quartz grains. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rocks with both silt and clay |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest lithostratigraphic rock unit is the --- |
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Definition
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Term
| A --- is defined as a body of sedimentary, extrusive igneous, metasedimentary, or metavolcanic strata which is distinguished on the basis of its --- characteristics |
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Definition
lithostratigraphic unit
lithological |
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Term
| The term --- is lithologically homogenous, distinct, traceable, named, and are different from other rock units above and below. |
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Definition
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Term
| Subdivisions within formations are called --- |
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Definition
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Term
| A set of similar or related formations is called a --- |
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Definition
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Term
| The characteristics of a particular rock unit, which we can use to interpret the depositional environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| sea level-rise is called a --- |
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Definition
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Term
| The branch of geology that deals with the correlation of rock units from one area to another is known as --- |
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Definition
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Term
| --- correlation - Matching up rock units on the basis of age equivalence, as determined by radioactive dating methods or fossils |
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Definition
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Term
| --- - Matching up rock units on the basis of the fossils they contain. |
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Definition
| Biostratigraphic correlation |
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Term
| --- - Matching up rock units on the basis of their composition, texture, color, etc. and stratigraphic position. |
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Definition
| Lithostratigraphic correlation |
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