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| Scientific Method (assumption) |
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Definition
| the scientific method assumes that the world works in an orderly fashion, and that natural phenomena will recur given the same set of conditions. |
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| Cuvier; the world formed from the occurrence of sporadic, catastrophic events |
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| an explanation offered for a set of observations |
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| when a hypothesis passes many tests it is called a _____. |
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| a theory for which there seems to be no reason to challenge; explains some aspect of nature based on hypothesis and theories |
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| information preserved in rocks; ex: grand canyon (slow) and Meteorite Crater in Arizona (rapid) |
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| all parts of Earth and the interactions of the parts (Climate system, Geodynamo System, Plate Tectonics System) |
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| involves interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and cryosphere |
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| involves interactions between the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and deep mantle |
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| involves interactions between the inner and outer cores; rapid motion of the liquid outer core stirs up electric current in the inner core that causes the Earth's magnetic field |
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| describes the movement of plates and the forces acting between them |
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| first proposed by Wegener based upon drifting sheets of ice; continents are drifting; disproved by the fact that they can fit together |
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| the outer, rigid shell of the earth; plates are composed of this material. |
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| part of the mantle beneath the lithosphere, hotter and weaker; lithosphere rides on top of the asthenosphere |
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| type of igneous rock formed when magma cools inside the earth's crust/beneath the surface |
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| type of igneous rock that forms when lava cools above earth's crust/on the surface of the earth |
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| size, shape, and spatial arrangement of mineral grains |
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| different minerals that make up a rock |
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| blob of magma that pushes aside crustal rocks as it rises through the crust; pools beneath of surface of the crust |
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| when different rocks form from a uniform parent magma |
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| fractional crystallization |
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| process by which crystals forming in a cooling magma are separated from the remaining magma |
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| rock that has undergone change in texture, mineralogy, &/or change in chemical composition due to metamorphism |
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| pressure that comes from activities such as burial, collision, and compaction |
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| pressure that comes from activities such as burial, collision, and compaction |
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| differential pressure (directed stress) |
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Definition
| stress that causes a preferred orientation of minerals |
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| change of mineralogy with depth (30 C/km) |
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| affects the texture and mineralogy of rocks |
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| mineral changes that occur due to increase in temp |
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| mineral changes that occur due to decrease in temperature |
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| change in a rocks composition due to fluid transport of chemical substances in or out of a rock |
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