Term
| Two main types of weathering? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanical vs Chemical weathering? |
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Definition
Mechanical: Force that breaks rock into smaller and smaller pieces.
Chemical: Chemical transformation of rock into one or more new compounds.
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Term
| Mechanical: Water, salt growth, biological activity? |
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Definition
| Frost wedging, salt water evaporation,reduction in pressure (unloading), plant roots and animal burrows. |
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Term
| Chemical: Dissolution, hydrolysis, oxidation? |
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Definition
| Elements disolving in water |
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Term
| How does climate affect weathering? |
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Definition
| Freeze-thaw cycles and high moisture |
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Term
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Definition
| Mineral and organic matter, water and air |
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Term
| Why is soil an interface in the Earth System? |
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Definition
| It is formed where the 'spheres meet and involved in complex interactions that will change accordingly |
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Term
| 5 Basic Controls of Soil Formation |
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Definition
- Parent Material
- Time
- Climate
- Plants/Animals
- Topography
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Term
| Loose sediment converts into hard sedimentary rock? (Lithification) |
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Definition
- Compaction-Pressure
- Cementation-Crystallization of minerals
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Term
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Definition
- Detrital
- Chemical
- Organic
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Term
| Why are sedimentary structures useful? |
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Definition
| Provide useful knowledge of the past |
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Term
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Definition
Sediment was formed from wet and dry
(Tidal flats, shallow lakes and desert basins) |
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Term
| Why Sed. Rocks are important to history and economic importance? |
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Definition
| Close to the surface, shows evidence of ancient life. Coal, gas, etc. |
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Term
| What is the Hydrologic Cycle? |
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Definition
| Evaporation, condensation, percipitation...runoff! Infiltration, transpirtation, from the plants to the clouds |
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Term
| How/Where do rivers get water from? |
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Definition
| Overland flow and groundwater |
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Term
| Main parts of a river system? |
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Definition
- Sediment Production
- Sediment Transportation
- Sediment Deposition
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Term
| Stream Discharge (& How it's measured) |
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Definition
Volume of water flowing past a point in a given time.
(Cross-sectional area X velocity) |
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Term
| How a stream transports its' load? |
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Definition
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Term
| Braided vs Meander Channels |
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Definition
- Braided-Interwoven across numerous islands
- Meandor-Sweeping bends (Suspension load)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sediment-charged streams enter still water |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposition from a steep mountain to flat, low land |
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Term
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Definition
- Regional-Rapid melting or heavy rains
- Flash-Little warning, rapid rise in water
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Term
| Which type of flood is more deadly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Flood Recurrence Interval |
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Definition
50 years
# of floods in 50 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
- 1/2 our drinking water
- Sustaining streamflow
- Erosion for caverns
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Term
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Definition
| Water beneath the surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cross section of artesian system (Sketch) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sinking of land due to heavy well pumping |
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Term
| Groundwater Contamination |
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Definition
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Term
| What are mass wasting processes? |
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Definition
| The downslope of rock, regolith, and soil from gravity |
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Term
| What is the controlling force of mass wasting? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does water affect mass wasting? |
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Definition
| When the pores are filled with water, the cohesion is destroyed |
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Term
| Significance of the angle or repose? |
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Definition
| Steepest angle at which material remains stable |
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Term
| How a wild fire could influence/trigger mass wasting? |
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Definition
| The loss of anchored vegatation |
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Term
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Definition
| Donward sliding of a mass of rock along a curved surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Bedrock breaks loose and slides down a slope |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid flow of soil and regolith that contains water (canyons and streams) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hillsides in humid areas during heavy rain or fast melting |
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Term
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Definition
| Gradual downhill movement of soil and regolith |
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Term
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Definition
- Valley/Alpine-High Elevation
- Ice Sheet-Large
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Term
| Factors determining whether a glacier will form |
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Definition
- Air infiltrates snow
- Snow is small and thick
- Air is forced out
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Term
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Definition
- Plastic Flow-With in ice,with pressure
- Basal Slip-Entire mass slipping
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Term
| Draw a cross section of a glacier |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How do glaciers erode bedrock? |
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Definition
- Plucking-Lifting of rocks
- Abrasion-Rocks w/ in ice, smooth & polish the surface below
- Rock Flour-Grinds rocks to slay & silt sized particles
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Term
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Definition
Streamlined hills
(Wedge shaped) |
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Term
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Definition
| Deposited by meltwater rivers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When glaciers waste away, ridges are left over |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed in association with an ice sheet |
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Term
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Definition
| Basins and depressions from the heavy ice |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical weathering and soil formations as well as remains of plants requiring warmer temps. |
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Term
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Definition
- Plate tectonics
- Variaton of Earth's orbit (Milankovitch Hypothesis)
- Axis wobbles
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Term
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Definition
Horizontal layers
(Sand dunes & river deltas) |
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Term
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Definition
| Small waves of sand formed from moving air or water |
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