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Definition
| Vibratiosns of Earth produced by rapid release of energy |
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Definition
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| location directly above the focus, on the surface |
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Definition
- Body Waves-Primary & Secondary
- Surface waves
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| Differences between magnitudes |
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Definition
Richter-Amplitude of largest seismic wave
Moment-Amout of displacement along fault
Mercalli Intensity-California buildings |
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Definition
| Used to measure each station's distance from epicenter |
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Definition
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Definition
| Material saturated with water turns into a flow |
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Definition
| Primary: Fast; through solid, liguid or gas |
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Definition
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| A. Wegener's continental drift |
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Definition
| 1915-Pangaea drifeted and broke along oceanic crust |
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Term
| Continental Drift evidence |
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Definition
- Fossils
- Rocks
- Ice Ages
- Climates
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Term
| Continental Drift objection |
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Definition
| Inability to prove a mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
- Divergent (apart)-ocean ridges and seafloor spreading [pillow lava]
- Convergent (collide)-oceanic trench and lithosphere subduction [Japan]
- Transform (slide)-crust is neither created nor destroyed [San Andreas Fault]
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Term
| Where does new lithosphere form? |
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Definition
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Definition
| Forces pull ocean crust apart at ridge crests |
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Definition
| Convergent boundaries, lithosphere is descending into the mantle |
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Definition
| Surface formed as oceanic lithosphere descends into mantle |
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Definition
| Volcanoe produced by subduction of lithosphere |
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Definition
| Age and magnetism of ocean floor rocks |
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Term
| Convergent Plate Boundaries |
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Definition
- Oceanic-Oceanic (O-O)-Oceanic slabs converge and form valcanoes
- Continental-Continental (C-C)-Subucting continental plates collide
- Oceanic-Continental (O-C)
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Term
| How do the Himalayas form? |
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Definition
| Continental-Continental convergence |
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Term
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Definition
| Rising plumes of mantle are beneath Hawaii and as the plates move, new islands are formed by the cooled hot rock |
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Term
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Definition
- Slab-pull slab-push
- Deposits minerals
- Distribution of earthquakes, volcanoes and mountains
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Definition
| The study of folding (bending) and faulting (breaking) of rocks |
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Term
| Elastic, ductile and brittle deformation |
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Definition
- Elastic-Returns to original shape
- Ductile/Plastic-Permanent (folding)
- Brittle-Breaks (faulting)
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Term
| Structures formed by ductile/plastic deformation |
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Definition
- Anticlines-Shaped up, old rocks in center
- Synclines-Shaped down, young rocks in center
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| Structure formed by brittle deformation |
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Definition
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Definition
- Normal-Hanging wall moves down
- Reverse-Haning wall moves up (dips >45)
- Srike-Slip-Dominant displacement is horizontal to the strike
- Transform-Cuts through lithosphere (plate boundaries)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Placing rocks/events in proper order |
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| Principle of Superposition |
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Definition
| Oldest rocks are on the bottom |
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| Principle of Original Horizontality |
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Definition
| Sed. layers are generally deposited in horizontal layers |
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Term
| Principle of Cross-Cutting |
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Definition
| Younger features cut across older |
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Definition
| Rock containing inclusion is younger |
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Term
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Definition
| Tilted rocks overlaid by flat-lying rocks |
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Definition
| Metamorphic or igneous rocks in contact with sed. strata |
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Definition
| Strata on either side are parallel |
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| Significance of unconformity |
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Definition
| Break in the rock record produced by erosion or non-deposition of rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| Element with same # protons, different # nuetrons |
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Term
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Definition
| Time required for one half of radioactive nuclei to decay |
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