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Definition
| Geomorphic region showing in all its parts similar climate and geologic structures and having relief features readily differentiated from those of neighboring regions. |
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| Combinations of landforms |
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| Cuts through older rock (igneous) |
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| rock unit containing one or more beds with distinctive physical and chemical characteristics |
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| two or more geographically associated formations with notable common features |
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| Minor rock unit within a formation |
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| Squeezed between rock layers |
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| surface fractures, or partings, in rock without displacement. |
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| sequence of crisscross, dipping beds deposited by water or wind currents of variable direction |
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| large curved sheets or slabs of rock peel off from a bedrock surface; caused by physical and chem forces |
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| moisture in cracks and joints freeze ad expand |
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| Oxygen uniting with another element |
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| process of weathering; downward trickling or running water not confined by a channel |
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| dissolving of soluble minerals in rock |
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| physical and chem process that has effect of rounding off pinnacles and knobs |
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| narrow sandstone ridges that are eroding along parallel joints |
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| similar to fins but have more crisscross fractures |
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| zones where the plates split and spread apart |
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| Convergent Plate Boundary |
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Definition
| zones where plates collide |
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| zone where plates slide horizontally past each other |
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Definition
| Plates are too light to subduct, so they converge and from large mountain ranges |
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| Three layers of Earth (Composition) |
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Definition
Crust- thin layer covers exterior
Mantle- 80% volume of earth
Core- metal and mostly nickel and iron |
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| Five layers of Earth (Physical) |
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Definition
Lithosphere- Upper most mantle+ crust
Asthenosphere-upper mantle, plastic rock
Mesosphere-middle and lower mantle
Outer Core- liquid metal
Inner Core-solid metal |
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| Five Major geological consequences of subduction |
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Definition
-trenches
-chain of volcanoes
-Earthquakes
-Constant plate destruction - young sea floors
-mountain ranges form |
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Definition
| pieces of crust that formed in one location, but later transported by moving plates |
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| How do terranes become accreted to a continental margin? |
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Definition
| They can become "glued" if they are too light to subduct |
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| Three basic families and the differences |
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Definition
Igneous- formed from cooling and consolidation of magma
Sedimentary- formed from particles of broken down rocks
Metamorphic- changed form in the solid state due to heat, pressure and chem alteration |
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| Differences (color, silica content, and grain size) between granite and basalt |
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Definition
| Granite is lighter, higher silica content and coarse grained |
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| Differences (color, silica content, and grain size) between basalt and rhyolite |
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Definition
| Basalt has less silica, is darker and both are fine grained |
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| What are the coarse grained equivalents rocks to rhyolite, andesite and basalt |
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Definition
| Granite- Diorite - Gabbro |
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Term
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Definition
volcanic rock ejected during an eruption
EX: pumice, volcanic ash, cinders, volcanic breccia |
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| large igneous intrusions composed of granite-like rocks |
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| viscous, slow-moving, little gas, angular blocks |
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| fluid, faster-moving, lots of gas, surface smooth or rope-like |
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| Four major processes of forming clastic rocks |
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Definition
weathering- physical and chem breakdown of rock
Erosion-picking up and transporting weathered products
Deposition- settling of sediment
Compaction/cementation- |
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| fine-grained; microscopic particles of clay minerals, quartz, and mica |
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| mainly mineral calcite, may be crystalline |
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| composed rounded rock fragments and harder rock |
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| high-grade; composition similar to granite; alternating bands of light and dark minerals |
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| minerals are strongly aligned and large enough to see |
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| fine-grianed; harder and more brittle than shale; splits into flat sheets |
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| Three principle causes of metamorphism |
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Definition
| heat, pressure and chemical alteration |
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Term
Eras of the Phanerozoic Eon
(oldest to youngest) |
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Definition
| Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
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Periods of Paleozoic Era
(oldest to youngest) |
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Definition
| Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Permian |
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Periods of Mesozoic Era
(oldest to youngest) |
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Definition
| Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous |
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| Periods and Epochs of Cenozoic Era |
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Definition
Periods- Tertiary, Quaternary
Epochs- Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Micocene, Pilocene, Pleistocene, Holocene |
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