Term
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Definition
| Coastal area; Shore; shoreline; littoral zone; and Beach |
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Term
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Definition
| The strip of land and water where various processes form the characteristic seacoast/coastal landscapes. |
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Definition
| from the high tide line outward past the low tide line. |
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Definition
| the actual contact border between land and water. |
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| a point inward of the high tide line outward/seaward to a poinr where the water in about 200' deep. |
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Definition
| the coastal zone of sediment shaped by wave action. |
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Term
| Agents of Geomorphic Change |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| undulations of water produced by wind energy being transferred to water (wave) energy. |
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| determined by wind velocity, direction, duration, and fetch. |
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Term
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Definition
| wave height; wave length; waver period |
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Definition
| vertical distance between the crest and trough. |
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Definition
| horizontal distance between two successive wave crests passing a fixed point |
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Definition
| swells; waves of translation; breakers; surf; swash; back wash |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of open ocean waves |
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Definition
| those swells which have begun to be affected by the ocean bottom. |
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| a wave whose height is increased by moving into shallower water exceeds vertical stability and falls forward or "breaks over." |
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Definition
| a series of breaking waves. |
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Definition
| thin sheet of water that slides up the beach. |
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Definition
| water from swash that flows back into the ocean. |
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Definition
| the process of incoming waves (thus wave energy) being redirected or the idea of wave bending. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the redirection of wave energy. |
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Term
| types of coastal currents |
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Definition
| longshore and rip currents |
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Term
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Definition
| generated by refracted waves redirecting some of the energy laterally along the beach and moving parallel to the coast. |
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Term
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Definition
| the transport of sand along the beach created by longshore currents |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow, stream like flows of water moving perpendicular to or away from the shore. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cyclical rise and fall of water level on the shore. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of vertical change in sea level |
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Term
| the two primary ocean movements |
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Definition
| global scale currents and upwelling |
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Term
| global scale ocean currents |
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Definition
| the horizontal movement of ocean water primarily at the surface. It is driven by surface winds, which drag the water along. the speed is greatest at the surface and decreases with depth. the direction is governed by wind direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| the curvature of a global scale current |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical movement of water within the ocean between the surface and great depth. |
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Term
| coastal degradational processes |
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Definition
| hydraulic action; corrasion; corrosion; attrition |
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Term
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Definition
| moving water against the shore/beach to erode some surfaces and build up others. |
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Term
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Definition
| use of rock fragments/other materials in water to erode the shore. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical breakdown of rock material by dissolving them in the water. |
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Term
| coastal degradation landforms |
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Definition
| sea cliffs; sea caves; headland; wave cut platforms; sea stack; sea arches |
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Term
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Definition
| steep, coastal escarpments as the result of eros by waves on a headland. |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by wave action undercutting and forming at the base of a sea cliff. |
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Definition
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Definition
| the slightly sloped often broad bench formed at the base of many sea cliffs. they indicate that the coast has seen a change in the sea level compared to the land. |
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Definition
| isolated columns or rock masses surrounded by water along a coast that were part of a former headland. |
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Definition
| rock arch under which water can flow. |
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Definition
| this can be subdivided into sections based on the erosion potential of the wave action (energy) versus depositional potential. |
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Definition
| the section that is always submerged. |
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Definition
| the section that is exposed at low tide and covered during high tide. |
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Definition
| section from high tide line to dune line. this is where berms develop. flat sandy beach area beyond daily wave action |
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Definition
| formed by eolian processes, primary dunes. |
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Definition
| elongated extension of beach into open water in front of a bay or other inlet. formed by longshore drift. |
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Definition
| sand spit which has formed all the way across the opening. forms parallel to the coast. |
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Term
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Definition
| deposition of sand which joins an island or rock outcropping with the mainland. usually oriented perpendicular to the shore. |
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Definition
| the body of water between a barrier island and mainland |
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Term
| examples of a barrier island |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| those who have been seemingly uplifted, either due to a rise in sea level or rise in land. they typically have numerous landforms due to erosional processes. Ex. are U.S West Coast |
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Term
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Definition
| where the land is seemingly sinking, either by sea level is rising. ex are u.s. east coast and gulf coast |
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Term
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Definition
| those created by or composed primarily of living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| built of coral with a lagoon in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
| a circular coral reef with a lagoon in the middle. |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of mangrove plants and found along many tropical coastlines. |
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Term
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Definition
| found at mid-latitudes, and composed of halophyllic plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is landscape description it includes landscape, ladnforms, climate, soils, vegetation, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of two levels; physiographic regions and physiographic realms |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the 1st order of classification at a broad spatial scale; uniformity of landscape and landforms |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the 2nd order of classification, it is more detailed encompassing a smaller scale. it is also called the physiographic province. |
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Term
| physiographic realms of north america |
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Definition
| Canadian shield realm; interior plains realm; Appalachian highlands realm; western mountains realm; Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain Realm; and Central American Mts. Realm |
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Term
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Definition
| exposed or thinly covered igneous and metamorphic crystalline rock. also, its the original core of North America. contains only one region: the Arctic Coastal Plain |
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Term
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Definition
| covered by continental ice sheets several times. It is the only region of the canadian shield realm. |
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Term
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Definition
| low relief to low undulating hills underlain by sedimentary rocks. includes three regions; the great plains, interior lowlands, and interior highlands. |
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Term
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Definition
| a region of the interior plains realm. It is more arid than other regions in this realm and is covered by grasslands. It is also highly glaciated in the northern sections. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is also highly glaciated in the northern section. It is a region of the interior plains realm. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a region of the interior plains realm. It is composed of two mountainous areas: the ozark mountains and the Ouchita mountains |
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Term
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Definition
| These mountains are a part of the interior highlands region, They are domed sedimentary strata. Also, 1500 ft above the surrounding plains. |
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Term
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Definition
| These mountains are a part of the interior highlands region. They are more folded, ridge valley type mountains. |
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Term
| Appalachian Highlands Realm |
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Definition
| This realm is characterized by elongated ridges in parallel or zig zag pattern. It includes five regions; the Appalachian plateau, Ridge & valley, Blue Ridge, Piedmont, and New England Maritime |
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Term
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Definition
| This region is in the Appalachian highlands Realm. It is marked my Allegheny and Cumberland escarpment. It consists of sedimentary strata layers, including several layers of coal deposits. |
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Term
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Definition
| This region is in the Appalachian Highlands Realm. It is a series of parallel ridges. There are numerous anticlines and synclines of sedimentary strata. its eastern edge is the Great Valley of the Appalachians |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the Appalachian Highlands Realm. It is made of ancient, metamorphic/crystalline rock. This is the oldest region of the Appalachians. |
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Term
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Definition
| This region is in the Appalachian Highlands realm. It is known as "the foothills of the Appalachians." It is a mixture of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. Along the eastern edge is the fall line. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on the eastern edge of the Piedmont region. It is the farthest inlet extent of river navigation due to existence of waterfalls and rapids. An example is Atlanta or Athens. It is along Augusta, Macon, and Columbus. |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a region in the Appalachian Highlands realm. It is highly glaciated during Pleistocene, and consists of ancient crystalline rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| this realm includes 9 regions; southern rock mountains, middle rocky mtns, Northern rocky mtns, columbia plateau, Basin and range, Sierra Nevada Mtns, Central Valley, Pacific Coast Ranges, and the Cascade Range. |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. It consists of crystalline rock with upturned sedimentary strata. It is some elevation over 14,000ft above sea level. An example is Sangre de Cristo and San juan |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. it is composed of fault block mountains (tetons). It has anticlinal uplifts of sedimentary rocks. Yellowstone is an example |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. It includes mountains of large batholiths, folded sedimentary strata, and areas of extrusive volcanism. An example is Bitterroot. |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. It is one of the world's largest flood basalt (lava) surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. It is a flat, horizontal sedimentary strata carved by fluvial erosion and differential erosion/weathering. It includes the Grand Canyon. It is highly and does exhibit some volcanic features. |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. It is a region of internally drained basins. these basins and ranges are the result of faulting forming the horst-graben topography. Death Valley NP is located in this area. |
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Term
| sierra nevada mountains and central valley region |
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. this region is a series of uplifted batholiths. It shows evidence of past alpine glaciation. It includes yosemite, central valley, of california. It is underlain by sedimentary rock. |
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Term
| Pacific Coast Ranges Region |
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. Its ranges of folded, sedimentary rock, and a few volcanic origin. A key feature is that the plate boundary between the pacific and North american plates. (San Andreas Fault Zone) Ex. Wrangell, Olympic , and Santa ana. |
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Term
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Definition
| this region is in the western mountains realm. This is a rangeof composite volcanoes. It is the result of continental oceanic convergence. |
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Term
| Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain Realm |
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Definition
| This realm is underlain by sedimentary strata. The southern half of Georgia lies on the coastal plain. For the most part, its just tilted material. Florida has karst formations and marine limestone. |
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Term
| Central American Mountains Realm |
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Definition
| this realm is dominated by volcanoes and volcanic landforms. It is the result of the oceanic-oceanic convergence plate boundary. An example is the Sierra Madres Mountains. |
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