Term
| Minerology of the Ore Deposit (2) |
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Definition
Sphalerite ZnS and galena
PbS
Many ores are sulphides |
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Term
| How did the Mississippi Valley ore form? |
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Definition
| formed deeply circulating hydro thermal fluids, becoming acidic, limestone reacted with hot acidic brines causing drop in acidity of ore minerals |
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Term
| How does coal and coal-bed methane form? |
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Definition
| rising sea level that covers land with water sediment |
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Term
| Where is coal's common setting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mineral does coal start off as? |
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Definition
| Peat- partially decayed plant matter |
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Term
| Why does coal have to be rapidly burned? |
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Definition
| So it is not oxidized and destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| when coal is burned and heated it increases in carbon content and loses impurities. Improve coals quality |
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Term
| What % of the worlds coal is in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the diff types of coal, their rank, and their features. (3) |
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Definition
Anthracite(3)-black, dense, shiny, high carbon.
Bituminous(2)-black, fairly dense, more carbon than lignite.
Lignite(1)-Brown, low density, 50% water. |
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Term
| why is low sulfur coal considered less environmentally damaging? |
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Definition
cleaner burning
SO2(in acid rain) |
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Term
How is coal mined?
Which is better? |
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Definition
Open pits- Long strip of coal at a time
Underground- mine better (Anthracite and Bituminous). Can blast. More expensive. |
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Term
| Advantages and Disadvantages of burning coal |
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Definition
heat homes, electricity
difficult and dangerous to mine, devestates landscapes |
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Term
| where/ how are oil and gas form? |
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Definition
| naturally in rock by burial and heating of organic material |
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Term
| In what settings are oil and gas trapped? |
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Definition
| Folded layers and salt domes |
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Term
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Definition
LA
worlds best known fossil site
found animals alive 30 000 yrs ago |
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Term
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Definition
rock where hydrocarbons accumulate
traps oil and gas bc it's impermiable |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| list ways petroleum can be trapped |
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Definition
| anticline, salt dome, fault, unconformity |
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Term
| Where are/ aren't petroleum basins in US? |
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Definition
Are- lower 48 states, Alaska
Not- canadian boarder states |
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Term
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Definition
CH4(simplest), clean burning
7-8% of US natural gas
formed by plant matter
abundant colorado |
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Term
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Definition
clay rich sediments
traps organic material in small pores
Formed by algae
abundant in NE utah, canada, australia |
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Term
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Definition
thick heavy oil combined with sand, clay and other sediments
formed by bacteria consumes lighter components of oil
abundant Venezuela, NE Alberta |
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Term
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Definition
| pump down high pressure fluids so gas escapes through fractures |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pushed from both ends causing "squishing" |
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Term
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Definition
Shallow environment - rocks are brittle and fracture
Deep enviroment - temp and pressure are higher = ductile rocks |
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Term
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Definition
| joints and faults are result of stress |
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Term
| what are the 4 diff types of faults? |
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Definition
dip:steep, moderate, gentle
strike:water stops at meets fault
hanging wall:hanging wall is fault block.
footwall: base of fault opposite of hangingwall |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
left lateral- stand on fault
right lateral |
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Term
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Definition
anticlines-A shaped
synclines-V shaped
monoclines-Sidewase S shape |
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Term
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Definition
uplifted layers
folded down towards the center |
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Term
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Definition
| temp and pressure can cause rearranging of materials |
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Term
| Cleavage and Foliation in metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
c- Structural discontinuity
f- cleavage for strongly metamorphized rocks |
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Term
| Lineation expressed in Metamorphic rocks |
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Definition
| a linear feature in a metamorphic rock |
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Term
| How can fractures, folds, tilts, and shear zones similar? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is cleavege related to folds? |
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Definition
| close geometric relationship to folds formed during the same event |
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Term
| Different between P-waves and S-waves |
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Definition
p- primary. like a sound wave that copresses the air it travels through. Fast
s- Secondary.up and down or side to side. Slow |
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Term
| major north american earthquakes |
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Definition
Alaska 1964 - 9.2
San Francisco 1906 - 7.8
Mexico City - 8.0 |
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