Term
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Definition
| The direction that DNA is read |
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Term
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Definition
| dsDNA is arranged in this formation so that one strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5' |
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Term
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Definition
Bases that are paired with one another
cytosine-guanine
adenine-thymine/ uracil |
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Term
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Definition
| Packaged DNA and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Compacted chromatin, Bacteria have 1 circular chromosome, Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes, humans have 23 chromosome pairs, made up of nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| double stranded DNA has two complementary strands with are paired |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fills in the gaps and connects nucleotides after DNA polymerase adds them |
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Term
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Definition
| Catalyzes replication, adds nucleotides in the presence of primer or to an exisiting strand |
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Term
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Definition
| Catalyzes replication, adds nucleotides in the presence of primer or to an exisiting strand |
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Term
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Definition
| A segment of the genome which is copied into an RNA molecule and codes for something |
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Term
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Definition
The total nucleic acid of the cell
Comprised of genes
It is usually the same in every cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects sugars to the bases |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells where chromosomes are unpaired |
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Term
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Definition
Unzips DNA during replication by disrupting base pairs
Requires ATP |
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Term
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Definition
Octamer structure of Proteins
H1-fills in gaps between nucleosomes
2 of each (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) are part of the nucleosome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Top strand which is read 5' to 3' and is therefore copied easily in 3' to 5' direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom strand which is read 5' to 3' and therefore must be copied using okazaki fragments and ligase |
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Term
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Definition
Also called denaturation
separation of DNA into single strands
Tm is increased with more G-C interactions and longer paired regions |
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Term
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Definition
Basic unit of the chromatin structure
composed to two copies of (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) |
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Term
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Definition
Unit of nucleic acids
composed of a phosphate group, base,and 5-carbon sugar (PBS) |
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Term
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Definition
| Short fragments used in the replication of the lagging strand and connected by ligase |
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Term
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Definition
| bond connecting the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the next nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
| Adds primer so that polymerase can add nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil |
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Term
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Definition
Process of copying DNA
Helicase
Primase
Polymerase
Ligase
(Help Pretty Polly Lie) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial replication occurs in 2 directions due to its circular chromosome structure |
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Term
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Definition
| The start site for replication |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevents uncontrolled cell proliferation |
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Term
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Definition
| Translation of RNA to DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The sugar that composes DNA |
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Term
| Semi-conservative replication |
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Definition
| Parental strand is conserved but daughter strand is new |
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Term
| Single Stranded Binding Protein (SSB) |
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Definition
| Prevents strand from reconnecting after helicase unzips them |
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Term
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Definition
| An contains RNA molecule to synthesize DNA at the ends of chromosomes to prevent shortening |
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Term
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Definition
| Parental strand used as a guide for replication |
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Term
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Definition
| After cell division transcribed genes are loosely unpacked |
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Term
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Definition
| Regions in which genes are not transcribed and are therefore still closely packed |
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Term
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Definition
| The sugar-base structures that form nucleotides |
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