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Definition
| complete set of genetic material in a particular cellular compartment |
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Definition
| small infectious particle that contains nucleic acids as its genetic material, surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) |
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Definition
| region of bacterial cell composed of highly compacted circular chromosomes |
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Definition
| nucleotide sequences that encode proteins |
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Definition
| nontranscribed regions of dna located between adjacent genes in a bacterial chromosome |
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Definition
| nucleotide sequence that functions as an initiation site for the assembly of several proteins required for dna replication |
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Definition
| a segment of chromosomal circular dna folded by dna binding proteins |
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Definition
| twisting forces that cause extra turns and loops in the dna structure |
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Definition
| chemically identical molecules that experience different levels or supercoiling conformations |
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Definition
| also called topoisomerase II, generates negative supercoiling in bacterial dna |
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Definition
| bacterial enzyme that relaxes negative supercoils |
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Definition
| membrane bound organelle in eukaryotes where chromatin is stored |
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Definition
| highly compacted dna-protein complex found in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| section of eukaryotic chromosome that promotes formation of kinetochore |
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Definition
| specialized regions at the end of the eukaryotic chromosome, prevent "sticking" |
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Term
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Definition
| non-coding intervening sequences in eukaryotic dna |
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Term
| transposable elements (TE) |
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Definition
| segments of dna that are capable of moving within the genome of a cell |
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Definition
| type of TE that can be transcribed into rna, recopied into dna, and reinserted into the genome |
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Term
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Definition
| short nucleotide sequence that is repeated many of times in a row (ex. aatataatataatataatat) often found in centromeric regions |
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Term
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Definition
| experiment used to determine complexity of dna strand; repetitive sequences reassemble more rapidly than unique sequences as temperature drops |
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Term
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Definition
| double stranded segment of dna wrapped around an octomer of histone proteins |
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Definition
| a globular domain and a flexible charged amino terminus that are involved in compacting eukaryotic dna |
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Definition
| structure formed from the linkage of histone complexes |
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Definition
| interaction between 30nm fibers and filamentous network of proteins that further compacts the dna |
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Definition
| collection of fibers that line the inner nuclear membrane made of intermediate filaments |
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Definition
| part of matrix that attaches to nuclear lamina |
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotic compaction method involving the nuclear matrix and chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| matrix or scaffold attachment regions; sequences of chromosomal dna that bind to specific proteins in the nuclear matrix to for radial loop domains |
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Definition
| location of a particular chromosome inside the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| tightly compacted transcriptionally inactive regions of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| less condensed areas of the chromosome that are capable of gene trascription |
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Term
| constitutive heterochromatin |
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Definition
| chromosomal regions that are always heterochromatic and are permanently transcriptionally inactive |
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Term
| facultative heterochromatin |
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Definition
| heterochromatin that can occasionally interconvert to euchromatin |
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Term
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Definition
| nonhistone proteins of the nuclear matrix that hold the highly compacted lopps of a chromosome in place during metaphase |
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Term
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Definition
| structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) protein that use energy from atp to affect changes in the dna structure; promotes the proper organization in the condensing of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| SMC protein that promotes the binding between sister chromatids after S phase |
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