Term
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Definition
DNA Polymerase
DNA helicase
RNA polymerase
DNA Ligase
Okazaki Fragments |
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Term
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Definition
RNA polymerase
Enhancer
Promoter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
DNA Repair
DNA Ligase
Photolyase
P53
DNA helicase
DNA Polymerase |
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Term
| What type of DNA repair could prevent the type of mutation caused by intercalating agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and describe a type of DNA repair that could repair the DNA double helix shown in a tautomeric shift without causing a mutation. |
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Definition
| Mismatch Repair enzymes could recognize the abnormal base pair in the newly synthesized strand of DNA and remove a small section of this strand. Then DNA polymerase could fill in the gap in the DNA strand and DNA ligase could seal the nick. |
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Term
| The lac operon is also affected by the activator CAP bound to cAMP. What effect does deletion of the gene that encodes the CAP protein have on the lactose operon? |
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Definition
| The lactose operon would not be expressed (or expressed at only a low level) because binding of the cAMP CAP is necessary for strong binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. |
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Term
| Eukaryotic transcription factors (proteins that bind to DNA and affect transcription) are complex proteins that can have many different functions. In class we discussed four different parts of these proteins each of which has a different function. Describe the function of two parts of such a eukaryotic regulatory protein. |
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Definition
| The DNA binding domain of a transcription factor determines what specific DNA sequence the factor binds to and thus where in the genome the factor binds and which genes it regulates. |
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Term
| Eukaryotic transcription factors (proteins that bind to DNA and affect transcription) are complex proteins that can have many different functions. In class we discussed four different parts of these proteins each of which has a different function. Describe the function of two parts of such a eukaryotic regulatory protein. |
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Definition
| The transcriptional activation domain of a transcription factor interacts with RNA polymerase or accessory proteins for RNA polymerase that activate transcription. |
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Term
| List three types of gene regulation that occur in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotes. |
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Definition
Chromatin Structure
Alternative splicing of RNA transcripts
Regulation of mRNA export from the nucleus |
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Term
| In development, the zygote is totipotent giving rise to every adult cell type. |
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Definition
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Term
| The UTRs of some mRNAs are very important in determining where the mRNAs will be located inside the egg cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The homeotic genes that are important in Drosophila development are only found in insects and not related to any genes that are important in vertebrate development. |
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Definition
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Term
| Drosophila is a good model system to study development because mutations that are inviable in mice like extra pairs of limbs are viable in Drosophila. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nematode is a poor model system for studying development because nematodes have so few cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancer cells often have mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes. Pick two of these types of genes and explain why mutations in these genes contribute to cancer. |
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Definition
| Mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer because they prevent the expression of proteins that decrease cell growth or result in cell death. |
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Term
| Cancer cells often have mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes. Pick two of these types of genes and explain why mutations in these genes contribute to cancer. |
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Definition
| Mutations in DNA repair genes contribute to cancer by decreasing DNA repair rates resulting in an increased mutation rate. |
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