Term
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Definition
1. Template DNA
2. Oligonucleotide primers
3. Deoxynucleotide primers
4. Taq polymerase |
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Term
| 3 Methods of Chromosome Mapping |
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Definition
1. Cytogenetic Mapping
2. Linkage Mapping
3. Physical Mapping |
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Term
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Definition
Relies on microscopy
Genes mapped relative to bands on chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Relies on genetic crosses
Genes mapped relative to each other. Distances measured in map units. |
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Term
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Definition
Relies on DNA cloning techniques
Genes mapped relative to each other. Distances measured in numbers of base pairs between genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique DNA segment that is found at a specific site |
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Term
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Definition
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism.
Recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave DNA at those locations |
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Term
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Definition
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Methol of copying DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains region of DNA interest to be copied |
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Term
| PCR: Oligonucleotide Primers |
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Definition
| Complementary to sequences at the ends of the DNA region to be copied |
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Term
| PCR: Deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) |
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Definition
| Provid precursors for DNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Thermostable enzyme that can withstand heating during the PCR process.
Isolated from Thermus aquaticus. |
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Term
| Components of a PCR cycle |
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Definition
1. Denaturation
2. Annealing
3. Elongation (Synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
Reverse-Transcriptase PCR
Used to detect and quantify RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses a thermocycler that can measure changes in fluorescences emitted by detector molocules in PCR reaction mix. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combining DNA from multipe sources and replicating in bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene of interest that is isolated from host DNA and inserted into a vector |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA segment that is combined with the Insert using restriction endonucleases. |
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Term
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Definition
Collection of DNA fragments in recombinant vectors.
DNA may be genomic or cDNA (representing mature mRNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Short repetitive sequences dispersed abundantly throughout a species' genome. |
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Term
| Quantitative Genetic Traits |
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Definition
| Traits with phenotypes that vary continuously from one extreme to another |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled by many genes, each contributing a small amount to phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of genes/alleles control degree of expression |
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Term
| Transgressive Segregation |
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Definition
| Result of additive genetic control. Extremes in F2 generation exceed expression in F1 generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allele expression can express as homozygous (dominance) or mask expression of another gene (epistasis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
How much of the observed variation is due to genetics
H^2 = Vg/Vp |
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Term
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Definition
| (Selected pop. mean - pop. mean) x h2 |
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Term
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Definition
Proportion of different alleles that are in a population.
Estimated from genotype frequencies. |
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Term
| 5 Conditions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
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Definition
1. Random mating
2. Allele frequencies the same in gametes and population
3. All offspring viable
4. No evolutionary change
5. Population size unlimited |
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Term
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Definition
| Functional to non-functional allele |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-functional to functional allele |
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Term
| Equation for change in allele frequency |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Select for one of homozygous phenotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection against both homozygous phenotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| Selection for both homozygous phenotypes |
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Term
| Genetic Fitness: Absolute |
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Definition
| Proportion that survive to reproduce x number of progeny |
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Term
| Genetic Fitness: Relative (w) |
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Definition
| Abs. fitness/ Abs fitness of optimum genotype |
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Term
| Selection coefficient (s) |
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Definition
Force that reduces the adaptivity of a genotype.
s = 1 - w |
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