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| distance unit on a genetic map |
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| , Representation of relative distances separating genes on a chromosome based on the frequencies of recomination between nonallelic gene loci |
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| alleles that produce detectable phenotypes useful in genetic analysis. |
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| any gene or dna region that whose sequence varies among individuals and is useful in genetic analysis. |
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| Process by which parents with different alleles give rise to progeny with different phenotypes than either parent |
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| tendency for genes on same chromosome to be inherited in manner that is inconsistent with Principle of Independent Assortment |
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| genetic makeup of individuals in the parental generation of genetic crosses. |
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| chromosome, cell or individual that has nonparental combinations of genetic markers as a result of recombination |
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| Cross between an individual heterozygous at three loci with an individual homozygous for recessive alleles at the same three loci. Used for maping linked genes |
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| Any condition in which the number of chromosomes differs from an exact multiple of the normal haploid number in a cell. Results from the gain or loss of individual chromosomes, or duplication or deletion of parts of a chromosome. |
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| , Condition in which a cell or organism has two or more genetically distinct sets of chromosomes of the same species |
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| variation from the wild type condition in chromosome number or structure. |
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| chromosomal mutation resulting in the loss of a segment of a chromosome and the gene sequences |
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| homologous chromosome pair in meiosis I in which one chromatid has two centromeres as the result of crossing over within a paracentric inversion. As the two centromeres begin to migrate to opposite poles, a dicentric bridge stretching across the cell forms and eventually breaks |
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| Chromosomal mutation that results in the doubling of a segment of of a chromosome and the gene sequences it contains |
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| Referring to an organism or cell that has one complete set of chromosomes or an exact multiple of complete sets |
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| chromosomal mutation in which a segment of a chromosome s excised and then reintegrated in an orientation 180 degrees from the original orientation |
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| condition in which a normally diploid cell or organism lacks one complete set of chromosomes. |
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| a type of aneuploidy in which one chromosome of a homologous pair is missing from a normally diploid cell or organism lacks one complete set of chromosomes |
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| mutation in which a segment on one chromosome arm that does not include the centromere is inverted |
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| mutation in which a segment on one chromosome arm that includes the centromere is inverted |
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| condition in which a cell has more than two sets of chromosomes |
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| Robertsonian translocation |
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| Type of nonreciprocal translocation in which the long arms of tho nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes become attached to a single centromere |
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| chromosomal mutation involving a change in the position of a chromosome segment and the gene sequences it contains |
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| type of aneuploidy in which a normally diploid cell posseses three copies of a particular genome instead of two |
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| opposite orientation of DNA strands |
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| DNA-protein complex that constitutes eukaryotic chromosomes and can exist in various degrees of folding or compaction |
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| single dna molecule complexed with protein |
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| specific a-t/c-g in double stranded dna |
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| condensed during mitosis and uncoils in telophase to be transcribed. |
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| total amount of genetic material in a chromosome set. (haploid set) |
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| Cromatin that remains condensed throughout the cell cycle and is usually not transcribed |
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| class of basic proteins that are complexed with DNA in Chromatin and play a major role in determining the structure of nuclear chromosomes. |
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| base, purine or pyrimidine containing nitrogen along with pentose and phosphate group as part of a nucleotide |
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| high molecular weight polynucleotide, cells in dna and rna |
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| base, sugar, and phosphate group |
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| covalent bond in dna between a sugar of one nucleotide and a phosphate group of another. Provide backbone |
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| Cytosine and thyrosine, uracil |
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| rna base sugar and phosphate group |
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| single stranded polymeric molecule |
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| repetitive dna sequences that are clustered together in the genome, so that each such sequence is repeated many times in a row within a particular chromosomal region. |
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| enzyme that catalyzes the supercoiling of Dna |
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| unwinding dna double helix at replication fork |
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| forms a phosphodiester bond between 5' of one and 3' of another during transcription and repair. |
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| Dna strand synthesized discontinuously in transcription |
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| strand synthesized continuously in transcription. |
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| , short singlestranded dna fragments that are sythesized on the lagging strand template |
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| specific region in dna that double helix unwinds and synthesis begins. |
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| formation of a short rna primer in replication |
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| , locally unwound region of dna bounded by replication forks at which dna synthesis proceeds in opposite directions. |
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| y shaped structure formed when double stranded dna unwinds to expose the template |
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| short rna chain produced by primase during replication to which dna polymerase adds nucleotides, extending dna strand |
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| single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins |
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| binds to the unwound dna strands at replication bubble and prevents them from reannealing. |
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| strand which is synthesized for a complementary strand during transcription |
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