Term
|
Definition
| is the study of drugs(chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called pharmacothearapy, is use of drugs to cure,prevent,diagnose, or treat signs and symptoms and disease process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that are given for therapeutic purposes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| like sunscreen lotions and local anesthetics, act mainly at the site of application. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are taken into the body, circulated through the bloodstream to their sites of action in various body tissues and eventually eliminated from the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual drugs that represent groups of drugs; often the finest drug of a particular group to be developed, are usually the standard with which newer, similar drugs are compared. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body systems, their therapeutic uses and their chemical characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the manufacturer. often indicates the drug group(ex drugs ending cillin are penicillin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is designated and patented by the manufactor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are capitalized and generic names are presented in lowercase unless in a list or beginning of a sentence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one or two routes of access to therapeutic drugs;order for medications is written by a licensed healthcare provider. (habit forming) |
|
|
Term
| nonprescription or over-the-counter(OTC) |
|
Definition
| other route by purchasing drugs that do not require a prescription. These routes are regulated by various drug laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narcotics,stimulants,depressants, hallucinogens,, and anabolic steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug movements through the body to reach sites of action, metabolism, and excretions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process that occurs from the time a drug enters the body to the time it enters the bloodstream to be circulated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transport of drugs molecules within the body; after a drug is injected or absorbed into bloodstream,it is carried by the blood and tissue fluids to its sites of action, metabolism, and excretion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rate at which cells burn energy. Method of bio-transform. done most in the liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
elimination of a drug from the body; effective excretion requires adequate functioning of the circulatory system and of organs of excretion
(kidneys,bowel,lungs,and skin.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called elimination half-life, is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reactions between living systems and drugs; drug actions on target cells and the resulting alternations in cellular biochemical reactions and functions(between chemical and foreign chemical) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to the frequency, size, and number of doses, it is a major determinant of drug action and responses, both therapeutic and adverse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affect drug actions and patient responses largely by influencing absorption and distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a few drugs are used therapeutically to decrease food absorption in the intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the action of a drug may be increased or decrease by its interaction with another drug in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occur when two drugs with similar pharmacological actions are taken. (ex ethanol and sedative drug would increase sedative effects.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
occurs when two drugs with different sites or mechanisms of action produce greater effects when taken together.
(ex. acetaminophen[nonopiod] and codeine[opiod] increases analgesic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by taking one drug with the metabolism of a second drug may result in intensified effects of the second drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (i.e. a drug with strong attraction to protein binding sites may displace a less tightly bound drug) of one drug from plasma protein-binding sites by a second drug increase the effects of a displaced drug. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be given to antagonize the toxic effects of another drug
Ex. naloxene is commonly used to relieve respiratory depression caused by morphine and related drugs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves the study of genetic variations-gene mutation that produce changes in structure and function of drug metabolizing enzymes. that resulting inter-individual differences in drug response. |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects or side effects |
|
Definition
| refer to any undesired responses to a drug administration, as opposed to therapeutic effects, which are desired responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that effects the liver in a negative way like causing hepatitis,liver dysfunction, or failure.) Ex. acetaminophen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that negatively effect kidneys. causes nephritis, renal insufficiency or failure.) Ex.anti-inflammatory agents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adverse effects on the structure of the ear, especially the cochlea and auditory nerve. |
|
|
Term
| hypersensitivity or allergic reaction |
|
Definition
| may occur with almost any drug; it is unpredictable and unrelated to does; occurs in pts who have been previously exposed to the drug or a similar substance and who have developed antibodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs can cause fever by several mechanisms including allergic reactions damages body tissue, interfering with dissipation of body heat, or acting on the temp-regulating center in the brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to an unexpected reaction to a drug that occurs the first time it is given. these reactions are usually attributed to generic characteristics that alter the person is drug-metabolizing enzymes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may occur with mind-altering drugs, such as opiod analgesics, sedative-hypnotic agents, anti-anxiety agents, and CNS, stimulants. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is ability of a substance to cause cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the ability of a substance to cause a abnormal fetal development when taken by pregnant women. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a particular drug over time so that larger dose must be given to produce the same effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person who regularly drink large amounts of alcohol becomes able to ingest even larger amounts before becoming intoxicated- this is tolerance to alcohol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical substance that influence living systems |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic classifications |
|
Definition
| grouping drugs according to their use in treating a disease or disorder |
|
|
Term
| pharmacologic or chemical classification |
|
Definition
| grouping drugs to pharmacological family(chemical structure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on the exact chemical structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug having the same biological affect to a substances in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of pharmacology study drug is for treating , preventing, and diagnosing a diseases. (clinical pharmacology) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| move from higher concentration to lower concentration.(doesnt require energy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carrier substances to facilitate movement(proteins) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movers from lower to higher concentration (requires energy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of drug given at one time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dose of a drug having damaging harmful effects of producing toxic (poisonous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dose of a drug that causes death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that produce effects similar similar to those produce naturally in the body. (hormone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of medication in different ethnic groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| desired or good effect of the drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| poisonous effects that cause harm and damage to the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe life-threatening form of an allergic reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by product produced when a drug is metabolized or broken down. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physiological affect on cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time a drug to begin to work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| length of time it takes drug to max action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total time of drug action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood level that ensures that the drug is performing at peak activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| highest therapeutic blood level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowest therapeutic blood level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood level that results in toxic signs and symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reccomended use or uses of a drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conditions that make admissions of drug undesirable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| special conditions of the pt, environment, drug increase the risk for problems must be considered safe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large doses given to rapidly reach therapeutic levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small continuous doses that maintain therapeutic level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| action of doses of drugs are not eliminated effectly and accumulation in the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cure or heal diseases(antibiotics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comfort,decreasing pain, not for curing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnose a disease such as a TB skin test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| replace a deficiency in the body like B12, iron, hormone, insulin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
not approved fro medical use, have high abuse potential.
(heroin,meth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used medically and have high abuse potential. (cocaine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| less potential for abuse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
some potential for abuse.
xanax,valium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contain moderate amounts of controlled substances
cough syrup. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remote risk to fetal harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slightly more risk than A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proven risk of fetal harm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proven risk of fetal harm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depends largely on adequacy of circulation, protein binding,only free or unbound portion of the body cells, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BBB-blood brain barrier protects the CNS and only let certain med in to treat the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Drug distribution during pregnancy |
|
Definition
| most drugs cross the placenta and lactation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is where most drugs are excreted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excreted through the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excretes through the skin |
|
|
Term
| Steps drugs go through in the body |
|
Definition
| 1.absorption 2.distribution(bloodstream) 3.metabolism/biotransformation(liver), 4. excretion(kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| newborns and older infants |
|
Definition
| immature body systems(kidney and livers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
