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| The persistence of learning over time throguh the storage and retrieval of information. |
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| The processing of information into the memory system - for example, by extracting meaning. |
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| The retention of encoded information over time. |
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| The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
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| Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. |
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| The relatively permanent and limitless storehose of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. |
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| a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. |
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| unconcious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |
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| Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. |
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| the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to endcode it for storage. |
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| The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |
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| Our tendency to recall best the last and first items on a list. |
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| Mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. |
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| Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. |
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| Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. |
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| A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |
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| A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |
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| A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |
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| Retention independent of concious recollection (also called nondeclarative). |
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| Memory of facts and experiences that one can conciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory) |
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| a neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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| "Little brain"; plays a key role in forming and storing the implicit memories created by classical conditioning. |
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| A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. |
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| A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previousl learned, as on a multiple-choice test. |
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| a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. |
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| The activation, often unconciously, of particular associations in memory. |
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| That eerie sensation that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. |
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| The tendancy to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |
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| The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. |
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| The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. |
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| In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
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Definition
| Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |
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| Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (Also called source misinformation) Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories. |
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