Term
| Denver developmental screening |
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Definition
| Standardized test that screens for develpmental problems in children from birth to 6 years of age. The original test was revised in 1990 and is known as the Denver II |
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Term
What are the 3 purposes of the Denver II? |
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Definition
-Screening healthy infants for developmental problems - Validating intuitive concerns about an infant's development with an objective test - Monitoring high-risk children for developmental problems |
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Term
| Who may administer the Denver Developmental Screening? |
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Definition
| -Only nurses or personnel trained specifically in its procedures and interpretation should administer the test. |
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Term
| Is the DDST capable of measuring intelligence |
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Definition
| No, it is a screening test of the child's developmental level. |
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Term
| What are the ideal ages of administration of the DDST? |
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Definition
| 3-4 months of age, 10 months of age, & 3 years of age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Height and weight measurements plotted on a standard growth chart to assess for normal progression. |
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Term
| What does the growth index measure and what is it a valid indicator of? |
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Definition
It measures physical growth, which is a valid indicator of health status. |
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Term
What agency published growth grids that are standardized for female and male infants from birth to 36 months? |
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Definition
| National Center for Health Statistics |
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Term
| Who is more vulnerable to stress at birth, boys or girls? |
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Definition
| Girls are smaller, but more mature at birth and less vulnerable to stress. |
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Term
| If a new parent asks you why his newborn daughter seems less active than his son when he was born, a good response might be: |
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Definition
| "Boys tend to show more motor activity while girls respond more to tactile stimulation and pain." |
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Term
| Compare/contrast the development of language and non-verbal communication among boys and girls |
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Definition
| Girls develop language earlier and respond to speech better, whereas boys use their bodies to communicate |
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Term
| Compare/contrast boys and girls in relation to social responsiveness |
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Definition
| Girls are more socially responsive than boys and sit up, walk, and crawl earlier than boys |
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Term
| What is the Health perception-health management patter? |
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Definition
| The person's perception of health and how they manage health. |
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Term
| What is the best way for the nurse to improve an infant's health? |
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Definition
| By encouraging child-rearing practices that promote normal growth and development, encourage healthful attitudes, and teach appropriate use of heatlh services. |
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Term
| What amount of water is reccommended daily for an infant? |
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Definition
| 125-150ml/kg/day, from milk and food |
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Term
| What is the reccommended intake of protein for an infant per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of an infant's calories should be from fat? |
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Definition
| 30-54% should be from fat, present in all formula and human milk. |
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Term
| Why are infants not in need of supplements for vitamin and minerals? |
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Definition
| Because vitamins and minerals are adequate in human milk and in all formulas (except iron and flouride). |
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Term
| What are seven advantages to breastfeeding? |
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Definition
1. Nutritionally superior 2. Bacteriologically safe and always fresh 3. Least allergic of all infant foods 4. Contains antiinfective antibodies and immune cells. 5. Promotes good jaw and tooth development 6. cost and convenience 7. Promotes close mother |
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Term
| What age range is best for introducing solid foods? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should iron fortified cereals and other cereals be introduced? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should veggies and fruits/juices be introduced? |
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Definition
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Term
| When might you introduce protein foods to an infant's diet? |
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Definition
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Term
At what age are infants less likely to have allergies to whole eggs and whole milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name to groundrules for introducing new foods. |
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Definition
| Do not mix solid foods together and introduce foods several days apart. |
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Term
| Describe the bottlefed infants normal stool and elimination pattern |
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Definition
Orange-yellow color, soft, clean smelling, may accompany each feeding (2-4 stools/day) rarely become constipated. |
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Term
| Describe the bottle-fed infant's normal stool and elimination pattern |
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Definition
| Harder, smellier, and resembles those of an infant eating solid foods. |
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Term
| What is one reason why infants do not have control of their bladder until 14-18 months? |
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Definition
| Myelinization of the spinal cord is not yet complete. |
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Term
| How many times a day does a well-hydrated infant void? |
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Definition
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Term
As a nurse, when might you encourage parents to provide a safe environment for the infant to explore and why? |
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Definition
| In the second half of the first year, because infants become mobile during this time. |
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Term
What percentage of the day do most infants sleep at 1st and why? When does it change? |
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Definition
Up to 80%, because it is needed for rapid growth. At 12 months, infant sleeps for 12 of 24 hours. |
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Term
| What are some ways to avoid SIDS? |
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Definition
-Sleep in supine position -Avoid placing infants to sleep on soft bedding -Avoid overheating with blankets or high room temp -Stop maternal smoking within infant's environment |
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Term
| Describe an infant's vision at birth |
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Definition
| Well developed at birth with weak coordination of eye muscles. They can visualize at 12 inches. Bright colors, light and faces are appealing. |
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Term
| When might and infant begin to fix their gaze on an object 12 to 24 inches away, focus on bright colors, and follow objects in the field of vision? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe visual developments that occur b/w 6 and 9 months. |
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Definition
-Visual scanning becomes more integrated. -Capable of organized depth perception. -Begins to percieve distances accurately -Both eyes should focus equally now |
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Term
At what age are infants able to: -Look for concealed items -Converge on objects in close proximity -Judge distances well? |
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Definition
| These visual developments occur between 9 and 12 months |
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Term
| What major visual developments occur between 12 and 18 months? |
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Definition
The following develop during this time: -Eye-hand coordination develops -Depth perception is more refined -Ability to identify forms and shapes |
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Term
| When does the infant begin to be startled by loud noises? |
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Definition
| This develops between 1 and 3 months |
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Term
| When does the infant begin stopping activity when spoken to? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what time can the infant begin to imitate simple words and sound? |
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Definition
| Infant can perform this at 9-12 months (hearing) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| At what time might the infant begin to respond to their name? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most sounds are vowels at what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what age might the infant begin cooing at the sound of the adult voice? |
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Definition
| Begins at 2-3 months (language) |
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Term
| At what age might the infant begin to make babbling sounds? |
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Definition
| Begins around 6 months (language) |
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Term
| At what age might the infant begin using 2 syllable words? |
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Definition
| Begins around 9-10 months (language) |
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Term
At what age might an infant begin using words with meaning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is at the center of the nurse's role in an infant's development of language? |
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Definition
Focuses on stimulation of the senses and language development |
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Term
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Definition
| The establishment of an emotional bond between the mother and her infant |
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Term
| Behaviors such as how the mother holds, feeds and looks at the infant dictate which process? |
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Definition
| Dictates the process of Attachment |
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Term
| What type of behavior can parenting be classified as? |
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Definition
| Parenting is a learned behavior, not an instinctive one. |
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Term
| What age group is the most frequent victim of child abuse? |
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Definition
| Children under 3 years old are the most frequent victims of child abuse, with women being the most frequent abusers. |
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Term
| Compare and contrast the child abuse patterns of men and women |
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Definition
| Women abuse more frequently. However, men abuse more severely and are more frequent sexual abusers. |
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Term
| Define and list: Active manifestations of child abuse |
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Definition
Active manifestations are injuries which can be detected by touch, sight or examination such as: brain injury, soft tissue injury and fractures. |
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Term
| Define and list: Passive manifestations of child abuse |
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Definition
| Passive manifestations are those that present themselves through extended periods of abuse an/or neglect and may be more difficult to detect or link to abuse, such as: poor nutrition, poor physical condition, emotional neglect, or moral neglect. |
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Term
| Define: failure to thrive |
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Definition
| Refers to infants who fail to gain weight resulting from the failure to obtain or use necessary calories. |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of failure to thrive? |
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Definition
-Failure to gain weight (below 5th percentile) -Growth failure -Poor muscle tone, lethargy -Inability to cuddle -Intense interest in inanimate objects -Delayed or absent speech pattern |
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Term
What is active immunization? Give some examples. |
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Definition
When immune bodies are actively formed against specific pathogens either naturally (by having the disease) or artificially (introducing the antigen into the individual) Some examples are: DTaP, IPV and MMR Gives lifelong immunity. |
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Term
What is passive immunity? Give examples |
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Definition
Passive immunity is temporary immunity which only lasts 1 to 6 weeks. Breastmilk transfers some immunity from mother to fetus. Mother can also pass immunity through the placenta. |
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Term
| When is the 1st Hep B vaccine given? |
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Definition
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Term
When is the 2nd Hep B vaccine given? |
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Definition
Given at 1 month (vaccine) |
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Term
| What vaccine series is given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age? |
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Definition
| DTaP, Hib-1, IPV-1, PCV-1 is given at this time, then second series 2 months later, then third series at 6 months including HBV-3 and influenza. |
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