Term
| Sensation of food being hindered (“sticking”) in its normal passage from the mouth to the stomach. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of dysphagia? |
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Definition
| Oropharyngeal and esophageal dysphagia |
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Term
| What metabolic d/o cause oropharyngeal dysphagia? Infectious dz? |
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Definition
| Cushings, Wilson'd dz. Polio, diptheria, botulism, lyme dz. |
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Term
| Do motility d/o affect swallowing of liquids or solids? Mechanical obstruction? |
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Definition
| Motility - liquids and solids. Obstruction - solids only. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 causes of odynophagia. |
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Definition
| Caustic ingestion, pill-induced esophagitis, infectious esophagitis, severe reflux, and obstructing tumors |
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Term
| Unexpected and effortless appearance of GI contents in mouth. |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes regurgitation to have a sour taste? Bitter? |
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Definition
| Gastric acid. Duodenal contents. |
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Term
| Outpouring of salivary secretions in response to gastroesophageal reflux. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common of all esophageal sx? |
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Definition
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Term
| What foods aggravate heartburn? |
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Definition
| High fat foods, chocolate, spicy foods, etoh, and caffeine. |
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Term
| Name 3 alleviating factors for heartburn. |
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Definition
| Antacids, baking soda, and milk. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of esophageal induced chest pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 distinguishing factors of reflux related CP from cardiac CP. |
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Definition
| Pain during sleep, lasts hours to days, hot and cold liquids/meals aggravate |
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Term
| Name 3 drugs that commonly cause pill induced esophagitis. |
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Definition
| Doxycycline, Vit C, and NSAIDs |
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Term
| Engorged and tortuous esophageal veins d/t portal HTN. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the leading causes of esophageal varices? Where in the esophagus do they occur? |
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Definition
| Alcoholic and viral cirrhosis. Lower 1/3. |
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Term
| Name 2 tx for esophageal varices. |
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Definition
| Beta blockers and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) |
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Term
| Mucosal laceration of gastroesophageal junction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mallory-Weiss is strongly associated w/ a h/o what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What c/o do pts typically present w/ in Mallory-Weiss syndrome? |
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Definition
| Hematemesis, 50% w/ h/o vomiting and retching |
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Term
| What is the tx for Mallory-Weiss syndrome? |
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Definition
| Usually self-limiting, endoscopic hemostatic therapy in severe cases |
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Term
| Protrusion of pharyngeal mucosa at the pharyngoesophageal junction between inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricopharyngeus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology of Zenker Diverticulum? |
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Definition
| Loss of elasticity of the UES |
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Term
| Symtpoms of Zenker diverticulum in the elderly tend to have an insidious onset and include what? |
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Definition
| Dysphagia, regurgitation, and halitosis |
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Term
| What diagnostic test is used for Zenker diverticulum? What is the tx? |
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Definition
| Barium esophagram. Surgical diverticulectomy. |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common esophageal motility d/o? |
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Definition
| Achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, and scleroderma |
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Term
| A condition in which the loss of ganglion cells in Auerbach’s plexus leads to increased tone and impaired relaxation of the LES and absent peristalsis. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mean age of onset of achalasia? More common in men or women? |
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Definition
| 30-60s (peak in 40s). Men 2:1. |
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Term
| What is seen on CXR of a pt w/ achalasia? Barium swallow? |
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Definition
| Dilated, fluid-filled esophagus. Distal "bird-beak" tapering. |
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Term
| What are sx of achalasia? |
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Definition
| Dysphagia and regurgitation |
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Term
| Name 3 findings on manometry in a pt w/ achalasia. |
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Definition
| 1)High resting LES pressure 2)Absence of peristalsis 3)Incomplete/abn relaxation w/ swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| 1)Meds (CCB or nitrates - ineffective) 2)Mechanical Dilation (good short term, repeat /p 5yrs) 3)Myotomy (less risk, higher efficacy, high cost, dev. GERD) 4)Botulinum toxin injection |
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Term
| A rare esophageal dysmotility d/o that is associated w/ degeneration of nerve's in Auerbach's plexus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common sx reported by pts w/ diffuse esophageal spasms? |
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Definition
| Substernal CP (similar to angina) w/ intermittent dysphagia |
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Term
| What is the appearance of esophageal spasms on barium x-ray? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the finding on manometry in a pt w/ esophageal spasms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What meds can be used to tx esophageal spasms? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle relaxants (Isosorbide, nifedipine) or antidepressants (Amitriptyline or trazodone) |
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Term
| What tx is used in a pt w/ severe dysphagia and wt loss d/t esophageal spasms? |
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Definition
| Pneumatic dilation or a long esophageal myotomy |
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Term
| What diagnostic test is used to evaluate for abnormal peristalsis & poor LES tone? |
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Definition
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