Term
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Definition
| Things eaten most days > 1 gm/day - sugars/starches, proteins, fats |
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Definition
| Things eaten in amounts < 1 m/day - vitamins, minerals, trace elements |
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Definition
| Largest of the salivary gland. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Curtain of material hanging off the bottom of the stomach containing fat stores. |
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Definition
| Curtain of material that hangs off the top of stomach hung by ligaments attached to the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sheet of connective tissue that suspends the small intestine. Has lots of vessels to absorb nutrients. Large intestine also has a mesantary |
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Definition
| Bypasses the spleen and mesentary leading directly to the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collects blood from the spleen and mesentary, delivering it to the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Folds of the small intestine with extensive circulation and lymphatics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates chyme release from the small intestine to the large intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretion that acts as a lubricant and wall protectant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Released by the stomach to aid in food breakdown. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic substance released by the pancreas - neutralies hydrochloric acid in the duodenum. |
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Definition
| Secretion released by the liver. Breaks down lipids into emulsified fats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Create hydrochloric acid in the stomach and secrete it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Released from the wall of the duodenum due to acid from the stomach. Stimulates bile production and causes secretion of pancreatic fluid and bicarbonate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Released due to fats and amino acids.. Causes the gall bladder to contract releasing bile, and opens the sphincter of Oddi allowing the bile to flow into the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulates release of bile from gall bladder into the duodenum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Starches and sugars. Easily dissolved in water and increased temperature leads to increased solubility. Made up of monosaccharides. Digest to glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Somewhat dissolved in water. Increased temperature leads to decreased solubility. Hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid. Broken down to peptides, digest to amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic building block of carbohydrates. Three main types - glucose, galactose and fructose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by junctions of monosaccharides. Three types - sucrose (glucose-fructose), maltose (glucose-glucose) and lactose (glucose-galactose) |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down Sucrose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down Maltose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks down lactose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Complex sccharides that link large amonts of glucose together to form starches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic building block of proteins. 22 different types. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that speeds up protein hydrolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks peptides down to amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enzyme that breaks peptides down to amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of monoglycerides, fatty acids, and glycerol. Comes in the form of triglycerides. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks emulsified fat into fatty acids, monoglycerides and glcerol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of fat. Two types: exogenous (absorbed in the gut) and endogenous (manufactured in liver and cells). Mainly used to manufacture liver and bile salts, hormones, steroids, and myelin sheath around nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stored form of glucose. Formed from glucose in the presence of insulin, broken down in the presence of glucagon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Released by beta cells in the pancreas. Prompts glucose uptake by cells, and subsequent storage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver cells that create bile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary storage form of fat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of fat storage that lasts about 10-15 minutes. |
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Definition
| Hormone that decreases appetite and increases metabolism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to secrete Hydrochloric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Gastric mucosa |
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Term
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Definition
| Intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells that decreases B12 absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| Develops from mucus barrier breakdown from bacterial infection, or non-bacterial causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by alcohol consumption and gallstone blockage of pancreatic duct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by precipitants in liver bile. Gall bladder must be removed, and patient must avoid fats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blockage of water absorption usually caused by bacteria or virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute infection of the appendix. Needs to be removed before rupture. |
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