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| The nobility party, led by Sulla |
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| Democratic party, led by Marius |
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| A quatermaster. In charge of supplise |
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| An elected official of ancient Rome who was responsible for public works and games and who supervised markets, the grain supply, and the water supply. |
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| The head of the College of Pontiffs |
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| An annually elected magistrate of the ancient Roman Republic |
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| an officer who, after having served as praetor in Rome, was sent to govern a province with praetorial authority |
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| An army commander in the Roman Republic |
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| Notebooks on the Gallic War and Civil War |
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| Pay recived by Roman Soldiers. About 225 denarii a year. ($45) |
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| a silver coin and monetary unit of ancient Rome |
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| Veteran of the Roman Army. Recieved more pay when they enlisted after retirement. |
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| Consisted normally of 6000 men, but Caesar's Legions had 3600. Caesar had 10. |
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| Calvary made up of Gauls, Germans, or Spaniards |
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| Divisions of squadrons called troops |
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| Divisions of Turmae, called squads |
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| Types of Artillery weapons |
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| Artillery weapon used for shooting large arrows and darts in a horizontal direction |
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| Artillery that threw large stones in the air at an angle of forty-five degrees |
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| Artillery used for shooting a single, large arrow. |
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| Towers used for defense and attacking enemy walls |
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| Embankment in front of a town or wall |
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| Movable shed that protected workers working a a wall |
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| Screen behind which, siege operations could be carried on |
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| Protective formation made by shields overlapped above the heads of the soldiers |
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| Standard Bearers of Legions |
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| Standard Bearers of Cohorts |
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| the perfects, in charge of the alae of the calvary |
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| Drove the mules and were in charge of the heavy baggage. |
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| Centurions. 60 per legion |
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| Highest Centurion. Led the first Mainple of the First Cohort |
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| Shrine for the eagle of the standard |
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| Special Standard for the auxillary units and calvary |
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| Curved Horn, called the troops to form for battle |
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| Long, straight trumpet; ussed to give battle signals |
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| curved Bugle, sounded for reveille, noon rest, and formations preliminary to battle |
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| Curved trumpet, signal instrument of the calvary |
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| Vanguard; made of the cavalry and auxilleries |
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| Rear guard; made up of new recruits |
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| Forced marches that exceeded the 15 mile average |
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| Place suitable for a camp |
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| Wide, deep trench used in defense |
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| line of stakes about 4 feet tall, used in defense of a wall |
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| Wall built to protect a camp or city |
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| Three hour shift night watch; four shifts per night |
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| Tablets conveying war information |
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| Line of the first four cohorts |
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| Standard battle arrangement of the Roman Army. Triple battle line |
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| Second line of battle consisting of the next three Cohorts. Relieved the first line when needed. |
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| Third and final line of Roman battle formation. Used only in emergencies |
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| A gentle hill slope, good for charging down towards the enemy. |
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| Brief speech of encouragement given to each Legion before battle |
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| Having the Javelin raised during a charge |
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| Ladders used to climb over enemy defensive fortifications |
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| Wall hooks used to dislodge stones from walls |
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| Entrenchment made around enemy stronghold to blockade supplies from reaching them |
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| Sleeveless tunic, reaching to about the knees worn by legionary soldiers |
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| a Belt worn around the tunic |
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| Heavy wool cloak for cold and wet weather. Never worn in battle |
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| Heavy hobnailed shoes worn by Roman soldiers |
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| Chain mail made of leather and metal bands |
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| Shield made of wood and leather. Curved to protect the body. |
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| Strap over the left shoulder used to hold the sword |
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| Bundle carried by each soldier containing essential living supplies |
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| A soldier without his pack |
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| Beasts of burden or yoke animals |
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| Rations distributed every 15 days. Primarily wheat |
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| War Galley used in the Roman Navy |
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| Metal beak on the front of a war galley used to ram other ships |
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| Drawbridge with a spike on the end; used to board enemy ships |
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| Transport ships. Not used in naval battles |
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| Battle formation used by the warriors of Gaul. All of the troops in one, big mass |
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