Term
| The knee consists of what two joints? |
|
Definition
| tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral |
|
|
Term
| the tibiofemoral joint is what 2 types of joints? |
|
Definition
| bicondyloid synovial, sliding hinge |
|
|
Term
| the patella is what type of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many degrees of movement does the knee joint have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 degrees of freedom for the knee joint |
|
Definition
| ab/adduction, int/ext rotation, flex/extension |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 planes that the knee can move in |
|
Definition
| frontal,transverse, sagittal |
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|
Term
| ROM: knee flexion w/ hip flexion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: knee flexion with hip extension |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: knee flexion passively |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: knee external rotation in full extension |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: knee external rotation at 90 flexion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: knee internal rotation at 90 flexion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ROM: rotational ROM decreases beyond ____ flexion |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| functional ROM: stair climbing |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| functional ROM: descending stairs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| functional ROM: sitting down |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| functional ROM: tying shoe |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| functional ROM: lifting an object |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| resting position of knee joint |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| close packed position of knee |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| articulation between tibia and femur creates what kind of angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| articulation between tibia and femur creates approximately a __ valgus angle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| distal femur has 2 condyles, what shape are they |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| two condyles of distal femur are separated posteriorly by what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| convex condyles of distal femur are separated anteriorly by what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which condyle extends further distal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which condyle extends farther anterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is smaller? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is round |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is less stable |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which facet has more motion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is sellar? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: lateral facet is convex in which directions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: lateral facet is concave in which directions? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is larger? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is oval? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is more stable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which has less motion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| tibial plateau: which is biconcave |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the joint capsule of the knee surrounds the entire knee. T/F? |
|
Definition
| false, it does not surround the entire knee |
|
|
Term
| the joint capsule curves between what of the knee |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| joint capsule extends 2 cm above what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| joint capsule extends above patella how much |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| joint capsule of the knee extends below what |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how much synovial fluid is normally in the knee joint |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| if the anterior capsule is stretched and the synovial fluid is forced posteriorly, what happens as a result |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| if the anterior capsule is stretched, what happens to the synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the posterior capsule is stretched what happens to the synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the bursa (2) |
|
Definition
| reduces friction, enhance movement between structures |
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|
Term
| structure located behind patellar tendon and inferior pole of patella |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| infrapatellar fat pad is located where |
|
Definition
| behind patellar tendon and inferior pole of patella |
|
|
Term
| features of teh infrapatellar fat pad (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infrapatellar fat pad may be irritated due to (4) |
|
Definition
| patellofemoral pain syndrome, arthroscopy, complex regional pain syndrome, ACL injury |
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|
Term
| knee cruciate ligaments attach how |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior on the tibial plateau |
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|
Term
| the cruciate ligament blend into what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cruciate ligaments are intrasynovial, T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cruciate ligaments are vascularized by what |
|
Definition
| genicular branche of popliteal artery |
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|
Term
| cruciates contain what nerve receptors |
|
Definition
| sensory for pain and proprioception, mechanoreceptors |
|
|
Term
| posterior cruciate attachment on tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior cruciate attachment on femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior cruciate attachment on tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior cruciate attachment on femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cruciates are generally _______ in internal rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cruciates are generally _______ in external rotation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior cruciate causes teh femur to glide ____ on the tibia in flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior cruciate causes teh femur to glide anterior on the tibia in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior cruciate causes a _______ glide of the femur on tibia in extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior cruciate causes a posterior glide of teh femur on tibia in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| collateral ligaments of the knee check what forces |
|
Definition
| varus/valgus, external rotation |
|
|
Term
| collateral ligaments run in which direciton |
|
Definition
| opposite (anterior/posterior) |
|
|
Term
| collateral ligaments are taut in what movement of the knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial tibial collateral ligament runs from where |
|
Definition
| medial femoral epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| medial tibial collateral ligament runs to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial tibial collateral ligament contains what fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial/tibial collateral ligament attaches to these 3 features |
|
Definition
| capsule, medial meniscus, medial tibial plateau |
|
|
Term
| medial/tibial collateral ligament checks what force |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral/fibular collateral ligament runs from what |
|
Definition
| lateral femoral epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| lateral/fibular collatera lligament runs to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral/fibular collateral ligament blends with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral/fibular collateral ligament checks what force at knee |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: which is larger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: medial meniscus is attached to what |
|
Definition
| medial collateral ligament |
|
|
Term
| meniscus: sits in concave tibial facet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: which is smaller |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: which is not attached to a collateral ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: which is more mobile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| meniscus: which sits atop convex tibial facet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what serves as attachment points for medial/lateral menisci to tibial plateau |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the coronary ligaments blend with what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the menisci are made up of what material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which margin of the menisci is vascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which margin of the menisci is avascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the menisci are what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the menisci resists what 3 forces |
|
Definition
| compression, shear, tension |
|
|
Term
| menisci improve joint (3) |
|
Definition
| congruency, nutrition, lubrication |
|
|
Term
| with the menisci in place, stress is distributed how |
|
Definition
| across increased contact area b/w joint surfaces |
|
|
Term
| role of the menisci in stress distribution |
|
Definition
| absorb shock and load distribution |
|
|
Term
| when the menisci are removed, stress is limited to what contact area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do the menisci move during flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the menisci move posterior during flexion, following what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which meniscus has greater movement during flexion |
|
Definition
| lateral mensicus (~11 mm) |
|
|
Term
| which meniscus ha less movement during flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during rotation the menisci move in which direction from each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during rotation the mensici follow what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the center of rotation of the knee |
|
Definition
| medial to center of joint |
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: soft tissues force the menisci to move during what motions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: semimembranous tendon pulls the medial meniscus posterior during which motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, the semimembranosus tendon pulls the medial meniscus how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, the semimembranosus tendon pulls which meniscus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, which tendon pull the medial meniscus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, which tendon pulls the lateral meniscus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: the popliteus tendon pulls the lateral meniscus posterior during which motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, the popliteus tendon pulls which meniscus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during flexion, the popliteus tendon pulls the lateral meniscus how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: what fibers pull medial mensicus anterior via the quads, during extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: the meinisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus anterior via the quads, with which motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: the menisco-patellar fibers pull which meniscus anterior via the quads, during extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during extension the menisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus how, via the quads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| movement of the menisci: during extension, the menisco-patellar fibers pull the medial meniscus anterior, via what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patella articulates with what |
|
Definition
| interconydlar notch of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal, middle, distal pair on medial side, distal pair on lateral side |
|
|
Term
| which facet of the patella is known as the odd facet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the patella is part of which mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during flexion, the patella moves _____ its length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during flexion, the patella moves twice its length and its connections become ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patella functions to increase (2) |
|
Definition
| lever arm of quadriceps force, patellofemoral contact area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angle between femur and tibia |
|
|
Term
| Q angle is created by what |
|
Definition
| pull of the quadriceps sand patellar tendon |
|
|
Term
| Q angle creates a _____ force vector |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Q angle encourages ______ tracking of patella in trochlear groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral patellar tracking is increased by what (6) |
|
Definition
| tight lateral structure, weak vastus medialis oblique, femoral anteversion, external tibial torsion, genu valgum, over pronation |
|
|
Term
| lateral patellar can be increased by what tight lateral structures (3) |
|
Definition
| lateral retinaculum, ITB, meniscopatellar ligaments |
|
|
Term
| helfet test is used to indicate what |
|
Definition
| excessive lateral patellar tracking |
|
|
Term
| lateral tracking is counteracted by what 3 things? |
|
Definition
| anterior projection of lateral condyle, vastus medialis, proper mechanics of hip, foot, ankle |
|
|
Term
| initiation of knee flexion begins as pure _____ of femur on tibia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 15-20 of flexion tension in _______ _______ and joint structure creates anterior glide of the femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 15-20 degrees of flexion tension in anterior cruciate and joint structure creates anterior ______ of the femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As gliding increases, rolling ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Absence of glide in the knee results in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a normal knee, the pathway of the instant center of motion of flexion/extension is what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in an abnormal knee, the instant center of motion of flexion/extension can result in (3) things |
|
Definition
| bucket handle tear of meniscus, creation of increased joint compression/distraction, progressive tissue failure |
|
|
Term
| mechanism in which the tibia rotates externally approximately 5 degrees during terminal extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the screw home mechanism is thought to do what? |
|
Definition
| increase knee stability in extension |
|
|
Term
| how many factors contribute to the screw home mechanism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 1-in relation to the lateral femoral condyle |
|
Definition
| increased movement of lateral femoral condyle due to convex (ant/post) facet of tibia |
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 2-in relation to ethe articular surface of the femoral condyle |
|
Definition
| longer articular surface of the lateral condyle allows for greater motion |
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 3-in relation to the medial meniscus |
|
Definition
| medial meniscus is attached to medial collateral ligament which tightens during extension |
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 3- medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament which tightens during extension resulting in what |
|
Definition
| limiting medial meniscal movement compared to lateral meniscus |
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 4-in relation to the cruciates |
|
Definition
| twisting of the cruciates creates a lateral rotation as they unwind |
|
|
Term
| screw home mechanism contributing factors: 5-in relation to the quads |
|
Definition
| lateral pull of the quads creates an external rotation of the tibia |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: medial active restraints (2) |
|
Definition
| pes anserine complex, semimembranosis |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: medial passive restraints (3) |
|
Definition
| medial collateral, capsule, posterior cruciate |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: lateral active restraints (3) |
|
Definition
| popliteus, biceps femoris, iliotibial band |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: lateral passive restraints (4) |
|
Definition
| lateral collateral ligament, capsule, PCL, ACL |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: posterior active restraints (4) |
|
Definition
| biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, semimebranosis, popliteus |
|
|
Term
| knee stability: posterior passive restraint (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee stability rotatory passive restraints (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee stability rotatory active restraints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Knee stability anterior active restraints (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| knee stability anterior passive restraints (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the menisci are removed how much compressive load is on the center of the tibial plateau in extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the menisci are removed, how much compressive load is on the center of tibial plateau in 90 flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
