Term
| 5 articulations of the shoulder complex |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic, suprahumeral |
|
|
Term
| Which articulation of the shoulder joint is a physiologic joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| full humeral elevations requires movement of what |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, thoracic extension and/or sidebending and rotation, synchronous activity of the scapulothoracic, scapulohumeral, axiohumeral, and axioscapular musles |
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: flexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: abduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: extension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: adduction at 90 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: external rotation (arm abducted to 90, elbow flexed to 90, shoulder neutral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: internal rotation( arm abducted to 90, elbow flexed to 90, shoulder in neutral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| those with regular int/external rotation of the shoulder can touch this approximate part of the spine with both hands individually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normative ranges of movement for the shoulder: scaption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motion between flexion and external rotation |
|
|
Term
| scaption plane of the scapula: is the resting position for what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during scaption, the scapula is ___-_____ degrees anterior to the frontal plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during scaption the scapula is 30-45 degrees anterior to the ______ plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scaption results increased ______ production of cuff musculature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scaption results in increased congruency and stability of what joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scaption results in _______ congruency and stability of the G-H joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scaption results in in increased ________ and ________ of the glenohumerla joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resting position of the shoulder refers to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| resting position of the shoulder |
|
Definition
| 55 degrees abduction, 30 degrees horizontal abduction, 30 degrees of elbow flexion |
|
|
Term
| close packed position of the shoulder |
|
Definition
| 90 degrees of glenohumeral abduction, maximal glenohumeral external rotation |
|
|
Term
| how does the head of the humerus face in relation to the glenoid? |
|
Definition
| medially, posterior, and superior |
|
|
Term
| The head of the humerus forms a ______ angle from the longitudinal axis of the humerus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the head of the humerus is retroverted _____ to _____ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the retroversion of the head of the humerus increases what in relation to the glenoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The retroversion of the humeral head allows for normal arm swing outside of what plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elite baseball pitchers tend to have a greater what |
|
Definition
| humeral head retroversoin |
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa is shaped how |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa has increased concavity where |
|
Definition
| superior/inferior portions |
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa has increased ______ at superior/inferior portions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa has greater articular cartiage where |
|
Definition
| periphery of glenoid fossa |
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa is _/_ to _/_ of the humeral head's surface area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenohumeral joint is considered these types of joints (2) |
|
Definition
| diarthrodial, ball-and-socket |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 degrees of freedom (motion) of teh glenohumeral joint |
|
Definition
| flex/ext, add/abd, int/ext rot |
|
|
Term
| the humeral head is what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenoid fossa is what shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dr. white compared the shoulder to this sports equipment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the capsulolabral ligamentous complex includes what 3 structures |
|
Definition
| joint capsule, glenoid labru, glenohumeral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the capsulolabral ligamentous complex? |
|
Definition
| provides static stability with bony anatomy to glenohumeral articulation |
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule attaches to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule is 2x the size of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule has an axillary pouch in the inferior capsule. it is considered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule "winds up" in the extremes of this movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule contains how much joint fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule provides little joint stability without what type of support |
|
Definition
| ligamentous and musclular |
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule, the inferior fold is essential for what full _______ of the humerus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: joint capsule - insuffiency of anterior inferior fold is associated with what pathologies |
|
Definition
| impingement, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tendinitis |
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: glenoid labrum - what is it |
|
Definition
| dense fibrocartilage ring |
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: glenoid labrum is attached to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: glenoid labrum provides attachment for what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: glenoid labrum - what is its role |
|
Definition
| increases glenohumeral stability |
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: how does the glenoid labrum increase glenoid-humeral stability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: the glenoid labrum deepens fossa how much superiorly/inferiorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: the glenoid labrum deepens the fossa how much anteriorly/posteriorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capsulolabral ligamentous complex: the glenoid labrum applies negative pressure, which results in what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 "Z" gleno-humeral ligaments |
|
Definition
| superior, middle, inferior |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 glenohumeral ligaments |
|
Definition
| superior, middle, inferior, coracohumeral |
|
|
Term
| what are teh 3 components of the inferior glenohumeral ligament |
|
Definition
| anterior band, posterior band, axillary pouch |
|
|
Term
| the glenohumeral ligaments attach from the glenoid to where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenoid-humeral ligaments attach from the _____ to the neck of teh humeral head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the glenohumeral ligaments prevent ______ displacement of humeral head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the coracohumeral ligament runs from base of coracoid to ______ and ______ _______ |
|
Definition
| lesser, greater tubercles |
|
|
Term
| the coracohumeral ligament runs from base of ______ to lesser and greater tubercles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the corachumeral ligament strengthens the _____ ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the corachumeral ligament is taut with what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the corachumeral ligament resists downward pull of graivty on _______ ________ with superior capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic Restraints to External Rotation if Shoulder Adducted |
|
Definition
| er checked primarily by subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| Anatomic Restraints to External Rotation if shoulder at 45 degrees abduction |
|
Definition
| er checked by subscapularis, middle and inferior G-H ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Anatomic Restraints to External Rotation if shoulder is in 90 degrees of abduction |
|
Definition
| er checked by inferior g-h ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the shoulder bursa |
|
Definition
| reduce friction b/w mm, tendon, bones, and joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| clincally, which are the most involved bursa? |
|
Definition
| subscapular, subacromial, subdeltoid |
|
|
Term
| bursa become inflammed with excessive friction, resulting in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if chronically inflammed, the bursa will |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus canal/subacromial space: borders |
|
Definition
| humeral head, acromion, AC joint, coracoacromial ligament |
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus canal/subacromial space: asymptomatic distance in space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus canal/subacromial space: pathological space distance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| supraspinatus canal/subacromial space: structures within the space |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, long head of the biceps, subdeltoid bursa |
|
|
Term
| neurology: the shoulder complex is embryologically derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neurology: the shoulder complex is derived from c5-c8, except the A-C joint which is derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neurology: the sympathetic nerve supply to the shoulder orignates primarily in the thoracic region from ______ down as far as ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood supply for the rotator cuff muscles |
|
Definition
| thoracoacromial, suprahumerael, suprascapular aa |
|
|
Term
| What is the critical zone in the shoulder |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus hypovascularity |
|
|
Term
| hypovascularity of the supraspinatus can lead to |
|
Definition
| avascular necrosis and joint replacement |
|
|
Term
| the critical zone is hypovsacular with what motion of the g/h joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the critical zone recieves adequate blood supply when the arm is in what motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from axial skeleton to humerus |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 ways to describe the muscles of the shoulder girdle |
|
Definition
| scapulohumeral, scapuloradial(humeral), axioscapular, axiohumeral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from scapula to humerus or radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axial skeleton to scapula |
|
|
Term
| what are the scapulohumeral muscles |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
| the scapulohumeral muscles blend with what to attach to the posterior, superior,and ant humeral head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the scapulohumeral muscles blend with the articular capsue attaching to what |
|
Definition
| post, sup, and anterior humeral head |
|
|
Term
| the scapulohumeral muscles are responsible for what |
|
Definition
| dynamic steering of the humeral head |
|
|
Term
| the scapulohumeral muscles draw the humeral heads into glenoid and resist upward shear of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the scapuloradial muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scapuoradial muscles attch to the supraglenoid tubercle and _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the scapuloradial muscles attches to ________ _____ and ant/sup labrum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is considered the 5th rotator cuff tendon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the axioscapular muscles? |
|
Definition
| trapezius, serratus anterior, rhomboids, pectoralis minor, levator scapulae |
|
|
Term
| The axioscapular muscles provide stability how? |
|
Definition
| scapula against thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
| action of the axioscapular muscles |
|
Definition
| provide smooth upward and downward rotation of scapula |
|
|
Term
| which two muscles are critical to normal scapular mechanics |
|
Definition
| serratus anterior and trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what are the axiohumeral muscles |
|
Definition
| latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major |
|
|
Term
| role of the axiohumeral muscles |
|
Definition
| provide some stability to shoulder complex |
|
|
Term
| overdevelopment of which shoulder muscle group may contribute to muscle imbalance of the shoulder complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the average size of the acromioclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the acromioclavicular joint is considered what type of joints |
|
Definition
| diarthorodial, gliding plane joints |
|
|
Term
| increased axial load of the AC joint, with decreased surface area results in what |
|
Definition
| early joint failure (Osteolysis, OA) |
|
|
Term
| What is the distal surface of the AC joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal surface of the AC joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The acromion of the AC joint has this shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The clavicle of the AC joint has this shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The AC joint has these two features |
|
Definition
| fibrocartilage disc, lax capsule |
|
|
Term
| What are teh AC ligaments |
|
Definition
| AC ligament, Coracoclavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| Which of the AC ligaments is superior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat is the role of the coracoclavicular ligament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 parts of the coracoclavicular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the conoid portion of the coracoclavicular ligament taught? |
|
Definition
| upward rotation of scapula |
|
|
Term
| When is the trapezoid portion of the coracoclavicular ligament taught? |
|
Definition
| downward rotation of scapula |
|
|
Term
| the sternoclavicular joint has this type of articulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of thhe sternoclavicular joint is convex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the sternoclavicular joint is concave |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the only true articulation b/w the UE and axial skeleton |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dense, fibrous articular disc of the sternoclavicular joint checks what |
|
Definition
| medial displacement of clavicle |
|
|
Term
| What provides stability of the sternoclavicular joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clavicle Arthrokinematics at Sternum (referring to sternal end of clavicle): shoulder elevates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clavicle Arthrokinematics at Sternum (referring to sternal end of clavicle): basic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clavicle Arthrokinematics at Sternum (referring to sternal end of clavicle): Shoulder depresses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clavicle Arthrokinematics at Sternum (referring to sternal end of clavicle): shoulder protracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clavicle Arthrokinematics at Sternum (referring to sternal end of clavicle): shoulder retracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scapulothoracic articulation: is not considered a true what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many muscles attach to the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bursa surround the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the scapulothoracic articulation allows increased shoulder movement beyond _____ degrees of elevation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scapular position on thorax: Tips Anterior (degrees) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scapular position on thorax: Superior angle of scapula is at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scapular position on thorax: Inferior angle is at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are 4-6 cm b/w root of spine of scapula and what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are _______ between root of spine of scapula and T3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much rotation does the scapula have? |
|
Definition
| 3-5" of upward-downward rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased prominence of the medial border of scapula, around a superior/inferior axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased prominence of the inferior angle of scapula |
|
|
Term
| Tipping occurs in what axis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tipping is sometimes called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abduction of the shoulder is initiated by what muscle during the inital phase of elevation |
|
Definition
| deltoid and supraspinatus |
|
|
Term
| At 30-60 degrees of shoulder abduction, what occurs |
|
Definition
| upward rotation of teh scapula |
|
|
Term
| At 30 degrees of abduction what happens to the clavicle |
|
Definition
| begins to elevate at SC joint and rotate minimally |
|
|
Term
| At approximately 60 degrees the rotator cuff muscles do what? |
|
Definition
| pull the humeral head distal into the capsule |
|
|
Term
| At 75-90 degrees of shoulder abduction, external rotation of the humerus prevents compression of teh greaterer tuberosity against what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 75-90 degrees shoulder abduction, external rotation of the _____ prevents compressio of the greater tuberosity against the acromion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 75-90 degrees of shoulder abduction, the humerus prevents compression of the ______ ______ against the acriomon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 110-135 degrees of shoulder abduction, the clavicle spins _____ a total of 50 degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 110-135 degrees, the clavicle spins posterior a total of 50 degrees, elevating the _______ end of the clavicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 110-135 degrees the clavicle spins posterior a total of 50 degrees elevating the lateral end of the clavicle and allowing further ______ rotation of the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 110-135 degrees, the clavicle spins posterior a total of 50 degrees elevating the lateral end of the clavicle and allowing further upward rotation of the scapula at what joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What begins to elevate with the initiation of shoulder abduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 30 degrees, the clavicle spins ____ degrees with movement of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At 110-135 degrees the clavicle spins posterior due to tension loading of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glenohumeral and scapulothoracic force couples with assist from what for controlled elevation of the UE in the classic 2:1 ratio |
|
Definition
| SC, AC, clavicle, thoracic spine |
|
|
Term
| Scapulohumeral rhythm: Explain 2:1 ration |
|
Definition
| 2 degrees of motion in glenohumeral joint for every 1 degree of motion in scapula |
|
|
Term
| Function of the scapulohumeral rhythm: _____ range of motion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the scapulohumeral rhythm: provides ______ stability to the glenohumeral joint during _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function of the scapulohumeral rhythm: maintains optimum length tension relationship for _______ musculature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 force couples of the shoulder complex? |
|
Definition
| glenohumeral, scapulothoracic |
|
|
Term
| normal mechanics of teh shoulder require proper _______, _____, and ______ ______ of the muscles acting upon the glenohumeral, scapulothoracic articulatoins |
|
Definition
| strength, length, motor control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two forces of equal magnitude but in opposite direction that produce rotation in the body |
|
|
Term
| force couple examples: (2) |
|
Definition
action of axioscapular muscles during elevation of the arm
actions of RC muscles and deltoid during elevation of the arm |
|
|
Term
| glenohumeral abduction is initiated by what muscles |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| The resultant force of the glenohumeral joint going into 30 and 60 degrees of abduction as a result of the deltoid creates 3 mm of humeral head ______ or ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upward shearing forces of the glenohumeral joint peak at ___ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What counteracts the upward shearing forces of the glenohumeral joint during abduction |
|
Definition
| actions of the rotator cuff |
|
|
Term
| the upward shearing is counteracted by the action of the RC by what effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the compressive forces of the RC muscles act as dynaic stabilizers to "steer" the head of the humerus with the _______, ________, ________ |
|
Definition
| latts, teres major, biceps |
|
|
Term
| RC muscles also act to externally roate the humerus at ____ degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rotator cuff fatigue leads to what |
|
Definition
| decreased scapular posterior tilt, increased scapular elevation, limited external rotation |
|
|
Term
| if the deltoid were paralyzed, which muscle would take over most if not all of the range of motion for elevation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the supraspinatus is paralyzed, a complete range of motion can be completed for elevation with what? |
|
Definition
| a significant loss of strength noted |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial phase of scapular movement (degrees) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The axis of rotation for the initial movement of the scapula is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary muscles for scapulothoracic force coupled movement |
|
Definition
| upper trap, lower fibers of serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| What limits elevation and abduction of scapula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scapulothoracic movement: As the scapula continues to upwardly rotate, the axis of rotation shift towards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scapulothoracic movement: as the scapula continues to upwardly rotate, what functions to contribute to the upward rotation force couple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stability of the scapula during scapulothoracic motion is provided by what muscles |
|
Definition
| rhomboids, levator scapulae, pec minor, middle trapezius |
|
|
Term
| subjects with impingement demonstrated what |
|
Definition
| decreased posterior tilt during elevation, increased superior migration of scapula |
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: Abduction: Which is more important |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: Abduction: if the serratus ant is paralyzed, what happens to ROM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: Abduction: if trap is paralyzed, ROM is limited to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: Flexion: Which is more important |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: flexion: if trap is paralyzed, what happens to ROM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trap vs Serratus Ant: Flexion: trapezius can only produce how much upward rotation in this plane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 phase of elevation |
|
Definition
| initial, middle (critical) phase, final phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| middle (critical) phase in degrees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the inital phase, which has more mobility, glenohumeral or scapulothoracic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inital phase of elevation is considered the "_____" phase of the scapula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the inital phase of elevation is considered the "setting" phase for the ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of oscillation of the scapula during elevation is ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abduction in the initial phase is initiated by |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, middle deltoid |
|
|
Term
| scapular upward rotatoin during the initial phase is accomplished through minimal rotation at what joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scapular upward rotation during the initial phase is accomplished through minimal rotation at the SC joint and elevation of what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the middle(critical) phase which has more mobility, glenohumeral or scapulothoracic motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| what counteracts the maximal upward shear force of the deltoid at 60 degrees? |
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Definition
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Term
| the rotator cuff muscles counteract the maximal upward shear force of the _____ at 60 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| the rotator cuff muscles counteract the maximal upward shear force of the deltoid at _____ degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles function to laterally rotate the humeral head at 75 degrees to allow for clearance of the greater tuberosity under the acromion |
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Definition
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Term
| What may be observed during the critical phase |
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Definition
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Term
| Tension loading of the conoid ligament creates a posterior rotation force of teh clavicle at what angle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tension loading of what ligament creates a posterior rotation force on the clavicle at the AC joint at 110-135 |
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Definition
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Term
| In the final phase which has more mobility, glenohumeral or scapulothoracic? |
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Definition
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Term
| For full elevation, what needs to disassociate from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tightness of what muscles may restrict final phase ROM |
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Definition
| lats, pec major, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus, subscapularis |
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Term
| What indicates tightness of lats, pec major, teres major, teres minor, infraspinatus or subscapularis visually |
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Definition
| lateral bulge of teh inferior angle of the scapula |
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Term
| What is needed for full elevation during the final pahse |
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Definition
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