Term
| True or False: There is no set standard to become a CSI. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do CSI's do what they do? |
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Definition
| To establish associations between the subject, victim, and the scene through evidence. Think Locard's Exchange Principal |
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Term
| Define physical evidence. |
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Definition
| Any tangible item that can be used to establish the facts of the case (corpus delicti) body of crime |
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Term
| Define Locard's Theory of Exchange |
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Definition
| Traces of the victim and the scene will be carried away by the perpetrator; Traces of the perpetrator will remain on the victim, and the victim may leave traces of himself or herself on the perpetrator; Traces of the perpetrator will be left at the scene. |
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Term
| A CSI must be professionally [blank], have integrity, honor, and duty to uphold the law |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. |
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Term
| What does the 4th amendment do? |
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Definition
| It protects against unlawful searches and seizures |
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Term
| What level of proof is required for a search warrant |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: A copy of the warrant and affidavit is left at the scene, in a vehicle, or handed directly to the person. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the exceptions to obtaining a search warrant? |
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Definition
| To search for victims and render aid in areas which a victim could reasonably be found; enter a scene to search for perpetrators; plain view and exigent circumstances |
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Term
| True or False: Seizing evidence in plain view circumvents the documentation aspects of the crime scene search. |
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Definition
| True as it should only be used if the evidence is transient or presents a danger to those present. |
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Term
| Define transient evidence. |
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Definition
| physical evidence that may be lost forever if not immediately preserved |
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Term
| Describe fruit of the poisonous tree. |
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Definition
| Evidence obtained illegally cannot be admitted into court and evidence/information gained as a result of that illegal evidence will not be admissible |
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Term
| What does a chain of custody do? |
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Definition
| It provides a chronological timeline of the journey of each item. It documents the location/person in possession of all evidence at all times |
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Term
| How do CSIs document a scene? |
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Definition
| Though notes, photos, sketches |
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Term
| What is the goal of documenting a crime scene? |
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Definition
| Create a permanent record of the condition of the scene and physical evidence. |
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of the systematic approach? |
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Definition
| The initial, collection, and final phase |
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Term
| Describe the initial phase of the systematic approach. |
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Definition
| Preliminary Scene survey, Note taking, Overall photos (4 corners), Video, Begin rough sketch |
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Term
| Describe the Collection Phase of the systematic approach? |
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Definition
| Examine evidence-take more notes, midrange and close-up photos, measure evidence and place on rough sketch, collect evidence, package/preserve evidence |
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Term
| Describe the final phase of the systematic approach. |
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Definition
| Processing i.e. latent fingerprinting, trajectory, BPA; Overall measurements of the scene; discuss findings / evidence evaluation; Final scene walk through with fresh eyes; notify case agent |
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Term
| True or False: Notes should be taken with pen. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: You can draw conclusions and write your opinions in your notes. |
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Definition
| False: report only the facts |
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Term
| True or False: Your notes cannot be used in court. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: You should process your scene in a consistent direction throughout (i.e. clockwise, counter clockwise) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of CS Photos and what phase are they taken in? |
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Definition
| 1. Overall (initial), 2. Midrange (collection), 3. Closeup (collection) |
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Term
| Where do you begin your exterior overall photographs? |
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Definition
| Approximately 100' from the scene at a natural perspective. Show all possible approaches to the scene. |
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Term
| True or False: It is not necessary to take photos of a room that does not have evidence in it. |
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Definition
| False: You don't always know what will and will not be evidence. Take at least interior overalls of each room |
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Term
| Overall photographs are taken from what perspective? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape do midrange photographs form? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of midrange photographs? |
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Definition
| They are used to show a relationship between items/objects at a natural perspective. |
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Term
| Describe the camera position for a close up photograph. |
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Definition
| perpendicular (90 degrees) to the item being photographed (film plane parallel), filling the frame. |
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Term
| What four things does a scale have on it when doing close up with scale photographs? |
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Definition
| Case number, item number, initials, date |
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Term
| What are some reasons you may take additional close up photographs? |
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Definition
| To flip the weapon over for serial numbers, marks, damage, stains, trace, etc. |
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Term
| What series of photographs is taken during the initial phase? |
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Definition
| Exterior overalls and then interior overalls |
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Term
| What series of photographs is taken during the collection phase? |
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Definition
| Midrange and close-up with and without scale |
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Term
| What must be on every page in your case file? |
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Definition
| Case number and your name or initials |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a crime scene sketch? |
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Definition
| record the actual size of the scene, record distance relationship between items in the scene, place witnesses, suspects, and victims for interviewing, shows spatial relationships not available through photography, shows hidden objects, allows you to place only those items of evidence that are directly relevant |
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Term
| What are the 3 perspectives of sketches? |
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Definition
| 1. Overhead/Birds eye view (Floor plan), 2. Elevation Sketch, 3. 3D View |
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Term
| What are the 4 essential elements to the sketch? |
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Definition
1. North Indicator; 2. Legend (Case #, address, date, name, 'not to scale'); 3. Key (item numbers and description) 4. Symbols (ID any symbols used, including evidence levels - floor, elevated, hidden, and furniture or fixtures)
*if an object does not have symbol, then it must be labelled |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of sketches? |
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Definition
| Rough, Finished, Final/Court |
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Term
| What are the differences between a Rough, Finished, and Final/Court Sketch? |
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Definition
| Rough sketch is done using graph paper and pencil after photographs but during the initial phase. It may contain measurements and notes. The finished sketch is plain paper and permanent ink, but a computer program can be used. It is a cleaned up version of the rough sketch. It is uncluttered and accurately represents the location of physical evidence. There are no measurements, no triangulation points, no baseline. A Final/Court Sketch is like the finished sketch, but only shows the pertinent items. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| During the collection phase what should you describe about the evidence? |
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Definition
| The location of the items, item position, item direction, and item number designation |
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Term
| What will be documented at the autopsy? |
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Definition
| Date, time arrived, ME case number, performing ME, Body documentation (notes, photos, sketch), injury documentation, detailed description of all items received from ME with item number designation (color, defects, patterns, dimensions, etc.), time cleared |
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Term
| What do you document from latent fingerprint processing? |
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Definition
| date processed, item # and description, processing technique used, results of processing, submission to fingerprint unit |
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Term
| What was the Bertillion System? |
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Definition
| It was taking measurements of a person's body parts for identification |
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Term
| What does dermatoglyphics mean? |
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Definition
| It is the study of patterns of dermal ridges present on fingers, palms, toes, and soles. |
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Term
| In fingerprints, hills are called [blank] and Valleys are called [blank] |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the fingerprint? |
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Definition
| Oil Salt and water deposited on a surface when the finger comes in contact with a surface |
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Term
| The epidermis is [blank] layer and the dermis is the [blank] layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| Fingerprints can be used as a means of identification because of two characteristics. What are they? |
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Definition
| permanence and uniqueness |
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Term
| How early are friction ridges formed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of fingerprints? |
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Definition
| latent, patent, and plastic |
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Term
| What forms a latent print? |
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Definition
| When a person leaves the oil, water, salt from their hands onto another object-typically invisible to the naked eye |
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Term
| What forms a patent print? |
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Definition
| when a print is contaminated with a foreign substance and is deposited onto another object - i.e. blood, pain, ink, and food |
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Term
| What forms a plastic print? |
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Definition
| when a print is left in a malleable material like clay, chocolate, wax, gum, etc. |
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Term
| What are the 3 classifications of fingerprints and their population frequency? |
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Definition
| Loops (65%), Whorls (30%), Arches (5%) |
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Term
| What types of fingerprint loops are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of fingerprint whorls are there? |
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Definition
| Plain, Double Loop Whorl, Central Pocket Loop Whorl, Accidental Whorl |
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Term
| What types of fingerprint arches are there? |
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Definition
| plain arch and tented arch |
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Term
| In a fingerprint, what is the core? |
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Definition
| The center of the pattern |
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Term
| What is the delta in a fingerprint pattern? |
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Definition
| the area of the pattern where there is a triangulation or dividing of the ridges |
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Term
| True or False: Loops will have a delta and a core |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Whorls have at least 3 deltas. |
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Definition
| False, they have at least 2 deltas |
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Term
| True or False: Arches have no delta or core |
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Definition
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Term
| What give fingerprints their individual characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are some methods to detect latent fingerprints? |
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Definition
| Oblique lighting for initial search, enhancement with fingerprint powder, enhance with chemicals |
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Term
| What are the Chemical Enhancers used for fingerprint processing? |
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Definition
| Amido Black, Coomassie Blue, Cyanoacrylate (Superglue), DFO, Dye Stains, Gentian Violet, Iodine Fuming, LCV, Ninhydrin, Physical Developer, Small Particle Reagent (SPR), Sticky Side Powder (Wet Wop), Sudan Black |
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Term
| What are some blood stain reagents used for fingerprint development? |
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Definition
| Amido Black, Coomassie Blue, Leuco-Crystal Violet (LCV) |
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Term
| Small Particle Reagent (SPR) is used on what type of surfaces? |
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Definition
| Wet and metal non-porous surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| It adheres to lipids in fingerprints and develops a grey colored print |
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Term
| What is Gentian Violet or Crystal Violet used on? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you make Sticky Side Powder (Wet Wop) |
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Definition
| Equal parts black powder, ivory soap, and water |
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Term
| What type of surface is Ninhydrin used on? |
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Definition
| Porus surfaces, use last. can speed up reaction with humidity/temperature |
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Term
| What type of surface is Diazaflouren (DFO) used on? |
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Definition
| Porous surfaces, must be used before ninhydrin, and have to use ALS to view print |
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Term
| Describe physical develper |
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Definition
| wet or have been wet porous surfaces, great on paper bags and currency and can use after ninhydrin. Silver-nitrate based solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Used on non-porous substrates, particularly oily and greasy ones. |
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Term
| True or False: Children's fingerprints or fragile and will dissipate in a short time (4-6 hours) |
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Definition
| True, the oils in prints don't show up until puberty |
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Term
| True or False: Fingerprints can be obtained from living and deceased persons |
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Definition
| True-Don't put body in fridge |
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Term
| What is a "Dead Man's Spoon"? |
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Definition
| a curved fingerprint card strip holder for printing deceased individuals |
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Term
| How do you take the prints off a dehydrated finger? |
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Definition
| Tie off finger just below first joint with twin, inject saline with needle under skin to plump flesh and then print. |
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Term
| How do you print a putrefied hand? |
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Definition
| Secure the peeled skin of the deceased and wear it like a glove. Fingerprint. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the replacement for AFIS and replaced AFIS in 2010. Examiner still has to visually compare. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System. It is a national database maintained by the FBI. Recently replaced by the NGI (Next Generation Identification) |
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Term
| What are class characteristics? |
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Definition
| characteristics that associate a piece of evidence to a group. |
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Term
| What are individual characteristics? |
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Definition
| Characteristics that associate a piece of evidence to on particular item. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ruling that requires expert testimony to be based on scientific prinicipas or procedures that have already been generally accepted within the scientific community. |
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Term
| What is the Daubert standard? |
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Definition
| Judges are the gatekeepers and they have to consider whether a scientific theory can be and has been tested, peer review, there is potential error rate, there are standards, and whether the theory has attracted widespread acceptance within the scientific community. |
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Term
| What is the difference between direct and circumstantial evidence? |
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Definition
| Direct evidence tells directly to a person's guilt without further need for analysis, like a confession or a witness who saw the subject commit the crime, or CCTV. Circumstantial evidence requires further analysis and ties the subject to the crime, but does not directly prove guilt. |
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Term
| What are the four major factors that determine the value of forensic evidence? |
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Definition
| Recognition, collection, testing procedures, and courtroom presentation |
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Term
| What are the 4 major goals of a crime scene search from our book? |
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Definition
| Recognition and identification of forensic evidence, Collection and proper preservation of the evidence, Reconstruction of the crime, assisting detectives in forming a theory about the crime |
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Term
| What are some of the ways the testimony of an expert witness may be challenged? |
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Definition
| The case may not require the expertise. Basic Qualifications and ability to give an opinion in the filed, the examiner may have insufficient education or experience to have anything of value to offer. The methodology is not scientifically sound or capable of supporting the opinion. The methodology may be sound, but the opinion is not supported by the method. |
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Term
| What court case established the exceptions to the 4th amendment? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the universal decontamination solution? |
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Definition
| 1:10 solution of bleach, soap, and water, or 70% isopropyl alcohol |
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Term
| True or False: The primary scene is usually where the victim is found? |
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Definition
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Term
| An almond odor is indicative of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Only non-crime scene persons need to sign the scene log. |
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Definition
| False: All personnel must sign in |
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Term
| What is the proper order for collection and preservation of evidence? |
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Definition
| Transient, Biological, Latent |
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Term
| Describe the strip search. |
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Definition
| Like mowing a lawn, line after line overlapping two to four feet in width |
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Term
| Describe the grid search. |
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Definition
| Its a strip search horizontally and then repeated vertically |
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Term
| Describe the link search. |
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Definition
| search by finding associations between victim, scene, and subject. It's a logical association. |
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Term
| Describe the zone search. |
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Definition
| select zones that are searched twice by different searchers so evidence is not missed |
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Term
| Describe the wheel search. |
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Definition
| Starting at a single point and searchers travel along straight lines from the point |
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Term
| Describe the spiral search. |
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Definition
| Spiraling until the critical point or spiraling outward |
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Term
| (book) What are the main objectives of a crime scene investigation? |
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Definition
| Reconstruct the incident, ascertain the sequence of events, determine the MO, Disclose the motive, uncover what was stolen, determine what the perpetrator may have done before, during, and after the event, identify, document, collect, and preserve physical evidence. |
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Term
| Describe painting with light. |
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Definition
| Open the shutter and then have a partner fire a flash throughout a night in different areas. |
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Term
| What are the rules of post-processing of photographs? |
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Definition
| No subject matter should be added to or removed. Always work with a copy. Always document every step in the process. Always be able to explain the purpose. Be able to explain the process and how it works. Be able to explain how you learned the process and how much experience you have. |
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Term
| When the digital IR filter is applied what color turns dark? |
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Definition
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Term
| (book) What are the four basic types of rough sketches? |
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Definition
| Floor plan, Elevation plan, Site Plan, Cross-sectional plan |
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Term
| What are four methods used to take measurements? |
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Definition
| Triangulation, baseline measures, polar coordinates, perspective grid measurements (photogrammetry) |
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Term
| What is the most common type of crime scene measurement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the reason for the fingerprints at the bottom of the 10 digit FP card? |
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Definition
| They are plain impressions to verify that each individual rolled print has been placed in the proper sequence. |
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Term
| What is a good piece of evidence to use Ninhydrin on? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the fumes of the superglue bind to in fingerprints? |
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Definition
| the amino acids and glucose. |
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Term
| True or False: You can superglue fume a body for fingerprints |
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Definition
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