Term
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Definition
| The Paleozoic ocean that separated North American and what is now northern Europe when the supercontinent Rodinia rifted was known as? |
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Definition
| The sequence of sediment deposition on the North American craton during the early Paleozoic, from oldest to youngest. |
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Definition
| A large-scale, litostratigraphic unit that represents a major transgressive-regressive cycle and is bounded by a regional unconformity? |
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Term
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Definition
| By the late Cambrian, the North American continent was located where? |
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Term
| Sandstones, carbonates, and evaporites |
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Definition
| The lithology of the transgressing Tippecanoe sequence from oldest to youngest is? |
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Term
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Definition
| A basin where evaporation produced heavy brines that sank to the bottom and were prevented from escaping by a sill is called a _______ basin. |
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Term
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Definition
| The eon that began 542 million years ago is the |
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Term
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Definition
| The St. Peter Sandstone is a part of the ________ Sequence. |
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Term
| Shallow waters and warm temperatures |
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Definition
| A passive margin along the northern edge of the North American craton developed thick deposits of carbonate reffs and evaporites associate with? |
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Term
| Tillities and striated bedrock |
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Definition
| Evidence for a frigid climate during the Early Paleozoic includes _______ on what is now North Africa. |
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Term
| Greywacke, chert, shale, and limestone |
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Definition
| Paleozoic rocks filling the Ouachita-Marathon trough are composed of? |
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Term
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Definition
| Ash beds, associated with the great volcanism that occurred during the rising of the Taconic ranges have been weatered to a clay called? |
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Term
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Definition
| Shale deposited during the Ordovician Period in Europe and North American contains useful _______ fossils. |
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Term
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Definition
| The _____ is not one of the orogenic belts surrounding the Nroht American craton. |
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Term
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Definition
| This thick sequence of terrestrial red beds shed westward from highlands elevated during the Taconic Orogeny was called the? |
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Term
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Definition
| The name of the orogeny where initial activity began during Early Ordovician and continued with entense deformation through Middle and Late Ordovician in the Appalichian region is |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ rocks are exposed in the center of an eroded dome-life structure such as the Cincinnati Arch. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a _________, the onlap sequence is characterrized by fining upward grain size: sandstones overtain by siltstones overlain by limestones. |
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Term
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Definition
| are used to establish the boundary between the Proterozoic and the Cambrian. |
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Term
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Definition
| Volcanic arcs are always associated with _______ plate boundaries with subduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Iron ore from the Silurian-ages rocks exposed near Birmingham, Alabama is made mainly of the oxide mineral ___________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Paleomagnetic data, limestones, and evaporaties indicate rocks at the northern edge of the North American craton were despoisted within ____ degrees of the equator during Ordovician and Sillurian times. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transgressions and regressions of shallow ______ seas are the most apparent events in Early Paleozoic history of continental interiors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Islands and highland regions in the middle of the craton during the Cambrian (Sauk sequence) were called the? |
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Term
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Definition
| The _______ orogenic belt was located on the northeastern margin of the North American craton. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ Sandstone, exposed in the Grand Canyon, is the initial strand line (beach) for the Sauk sequence, the first transgression of the Early Paleozoic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The supercontinent Rodinia began to rift apart |
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Term
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Definition
| Graptolites are fossils of nektonic, colonial organisms that serve as valuable guide fossils. |
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Term
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Definition
| Orogenic belts are the parts of cratons covered by sediments deposited by epicontinental seas. |
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Term
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Definition
| During the Cambrian Period, thick evaporite deposits were forming in the Michigan Basin. |
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Term
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Definition
Extensive limestone and evaporite deposits are lithologic evidence that the North American craton was located at the equator and had a warm climate during the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian Periods. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shelly facies was deposited on continental shelves of the Baltic and North American cratons before the Iapetus was closed by the Caledonian Orogeny. |
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Term
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Definition
| By the Cambrien periode Laurentie moved to the equator. |
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Term
| Paleozoic strata deposited on Craton is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Central platform waped into what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Basins have what kind of strata? |
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Term
| With seas transgress over deeply eroded, crystalline basement rocks-sands then shales |
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Definition
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Term
| Starts with sandstone deposition |
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Definition
| How does Tippecanoe start? |
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Term
| Deep Marine sedimentation in the Ouachita-Marathon trough in iapetus ocean. |
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Definition
| Describe the events and features of the Southern Appalacian region |
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Term
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Definition
| Laurentia, baltica and avalon form what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Laurisa is formed in what orogeny |
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Term
| Vlcane arch collisded with Laurisa |
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Definition
| What happens in antler orogeny? |
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Term
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Definition
| Cratonic sequences on North American craton in early paleozoic |
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Term
| part of initial transgression of epicontinental sea, high porosity makes it a petroleum reservoir rock, used to make glass |
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Definition
| How is clean sandstone formed |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition of groups of mariene and non mariene start |
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Term
| 10 unites of mariene, and one unit of non mariene |
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Definition
| What is the order of unit of a cyclothem |
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Term
| Advance and retreat of glaciers on gondwana repeatedly change the sea levels |
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Definition
| How were cyclothems forms during th Absaroka sequence? |
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Term
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Definition
| Larusai and Godwana created? |
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Term
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Definition
| Allegheny/Ouachia orogenies uncluded was continents? |
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Term
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Definition
| What happens to the thickness of an wedge as it moves closer to the mountain? |
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Term
| Alleghenia/Ouachita orogenies |
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Definition
| An orogenies where convergent plate boundary, continental crust is shortened and thickend by folding and thrust/reverse faulting, and sediment mostly covers it today. |
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Term
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Definition
| old red sandstone in Europe is what? |
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Term
| Tropical plants, saline waters, coral reefs, and deserts. |
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Definition
| What is the diverse paleoclimate in the Late Paleozoic? |
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Term
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Definition
| What rock is formed by tropical plants? |
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Term
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Definition
| What rock is formed from saline waters? |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of rocks are made from coral reefs? |
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Term
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Definition
| What kind of rocks are formed in deserts? |
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Term
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Definition
| How do greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide affect global climate? |
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Term
| Due to glacial episodes carbon buiral in coal swamps contirbuted to global cooling |
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Definition
| How is colling in the late Paleozoic related to carbon burial? |
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Term
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Definition
| What formed after plants evolved? |
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Term
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Definition
| What did plants do to energy content? |
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Term
| What are thin-skinned tectonics |
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Definition
| Basement rocks less affected while weaker sedimentary rocks folded. |
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Term
| Preserved sediments, another sheet of sediment spreads eastward from new mountains. |
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Definition
| How are Dunkard Group and Monongahela Group examples of clastic wedge? |
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Term
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Definition
| The first inland sea of late paleozic is called? |
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Term
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Definition
| The collision of Gondwana and Laurasia caused the _____ orogeny? |
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Term
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Definition
| The _____ sequence includes abudant limestones (carbonates) that formed in widespread, warm epicontenental seas on the cratonic platform in North American. |
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Term
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Definition
| The catskill clastic wedge is a result of erosion from uplifted highlands formed as a result of the? |
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Term
| Stretched from the North to South Poles |
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Definition
| The supercontinent Pangea did what? |
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Term
| In an oxygen-defient enviorment |
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Definition
| The reason that the Chattanooga Shale is dark-colored and has a high carbon content is because it was deposisint in what kind of enviroment? |
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Term
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Definition
| The seperation between the Kaskaskia and Absaroka cratonic sequences in North American is based on the presence of? |
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Term
| The collision recorded by the Ouachita Orogeny |
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Definition
| The Uncompahgre Mountains, also called the ansestral Rockies, were the result of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| A map of Devonia palegrography shows a _____ assocaited with the Antler orogeny. |
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Term
| Terrigenouse sediments like conglomerates and arkosic sandstone |
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Definition
| Clastic wedges like the atskill are ____ weathered from adjacent mountain. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ shales and timestones deposited during the late Paleozoic are used to manufacture fertilizer. |
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Term
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Definition
| More dynamic tectonics frist bagan along the western margin of the North American craton with the subduction of oceanic lithosphere and formation of a colcanic arc in an event kno as the ____ orogreny. |
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Term
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Definition
| The late Paleozoic cratonic sequences, oldest listen frist, are called the _____ |
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Term
| Coal beds, evaporite deposits, and coral reefs |
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Definition
| What did develop within 30 degrees of the equator in the late paleozoic |
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Term
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Definition
| The final orogeny to affect the Cordilleran region of the North American craton during the Paleozoc was the ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The paleozoic era ended _____ million years ago |
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Term
| Devonian, Carboniferouse, Permian |
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Definition
| The late Paleozoic includes the? (3) |
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Term
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Definition
| A paleopeographic map of the Permian Period shows that _____ and evaporate depostion is located northwest of the Ancestral Rockies |
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Term
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Definition
| A term applied originally to rocks suitable for whetsones in AMerican andthat is applied to very tough, uniformly grained cherts composed of microcrystalline quartz is _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation of huge volumes of ____ during the late paleozoic removed carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which reduce greenhouse warming and contributed to glacial episodes on Gondwana |
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Term
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Definition
| are econiomic resources assocaited with all the orogenic events of the late Paleozoic |
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Term
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Definition
| Glaciers formed on ____ during the late Paleozoic because it was located at the South Pole |
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Term
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Definition
| The basin that lay adjacent to the ancient Uncompahgre Mountains )ancestral Rockies) and became restricted and filled with thick beds of salt, gympsum, and anhydrite is called the _____? |
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Term
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Definition
| The kind of deformation in which basement rocks are largely unaffected and the overlying layers of weaker sedimentary rocks breaks into multiple thrust faults is known as ______ sedimentary _____ tectonics |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______ Periode is names for the abundant coal beds that formed, removing carbon from the atmosphere and reducing greenhouse warming. |
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Term
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Definition
| In North Aerican the Devonian Periode is subdivided into the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian based on a distinctive difference in the rock types |
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Term
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Definition
| Anthracite coal is partially metamorphosed coal deposits produced by orogenic compression |
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Term
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Definition
| The Oriskany Sandsone of New York was deposited during the regession of the Kaskaskia Sea |
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Term
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Definition
| The Catskill clastic wedge is composed of conglomerates and sandstones deposited near the mountain ranges; however, further to the west a widespreak sheet of muds produced the Chattanooga Shale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tillite and glacial striations over large areas of Gondwana (South America, African, Australia, and Antarctic) indicate contiental glaciation during the late Carboniferouse and Perimian. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amap of Pensylvania paleogeography indicates coal-forming forests were located east of the Appalachian Mountains. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Absaroka sequence records the second major transgression and regression of the late Paleozoic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clastic wedges like the Dunkard and Monogahela Groups typically contain reddish limestone and evaporate deposits |
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Term
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Definition
| Limestone reefs are excellent source rocks for petroleum recources |
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Term
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Definition
| Permian rocks of western Texas and southeastern New Mexico are limestone reef and exaportie deposits often containing petroleum resources |
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Term
| Trilobites and brachiopods |
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Definition
| What were the two abundant shell bearing fossils during the Cambriend period? |
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Term
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Definition
| When did animals with backbones-vertebrates first appear? |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproduction not dependent on water. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ordovician, devonian, and permian. |
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Definition
| During Paleozoic Era when did mass extinctions occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of body did Ediacaran's have? |
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Term
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Definition
| The abrupt appearance appearance of so many varied animals about 535 million year ago, the speed with which they radiated, is called the? |
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Term
| Mass extinctions usually followed by a rapid adaptive radiations. |
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Definition
| What caused the Cambrian explosion? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequences of genes that control the development of entire regions of the body. |
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Term
| Shiny, black impressions on the shale bedding. |
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Definition
| What funas is contained in the Burgess Shale? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who discovered the Burgess Shale? |
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Term
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Definition
| What animal was the largest and most menacing in the Burgess Shale |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What chordate was found in the Burgess Shale? |
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Term
| Continental fragmentation and seafloor spreading |
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Definition
| What condition existed on Earth to favor this remarkable expansion of life? |
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Term
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Definition
| Living and feeding on the surface of the seafloor |
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Term
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Definition
| Burrowing into the soft bottom sediment to obtain thier food |
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Term
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Definition
| Strained tiny bits of organic matter from the water |
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Term
| Foraminifera and radiolaria |
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Definition
| The principal groups of Paleozoic unicellular animals that have a significant fossil record are? |
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Term
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Definition
| First appear in in Cambrian and survive to the present, also known as "Foreams" |
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Term
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Definition
| Among the most nportant invertebrate guide fossils of the Pennsylvanian and Permian Periods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Single-celled planktonic organisms that have existed at least since the beginning of the Paleozoic Era. |
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Term
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Definition
| construct conical, cuplike or vase-shaped skeletons from calcium carbonate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Are sponges presered in fossils? |
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Term
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Definition
| What degree to the equator do coral reefs live? |
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Term
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Definition
| What does Arthropods mean in latin? |
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Term
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Definition
| extinct, planktonic creatures with preservable chitinouse skeletons tht housed colonies of tiny individual organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| evolved internal fertilization and enclosed egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fish and amplibians must be in water to reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| What are conodont elements composed of? |
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Term
| Because it is a component of a larger structure |
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Definition
| Why do we call conodonts elements? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where was the conodont animal found? |
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Term
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Definition
| What did conodont element do for the animal? |
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Term
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Definition
| When did the fossil record show amplhibians? |
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Term
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Definition
| What needs vacular tissues? |
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Term
| Late Ordovician Extinctions |
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Definition
| Extintion caused by growth of the Gondwana ice caps. |
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Term
| Late Devonian Extinctions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| What extinction was the greatest extinction? |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass extinction due to extreme glocal warming? |
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Term
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Definition
| The amniotic egg is one of the most significant evolutionary changes that enabled reptiles and their descendants to live on land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Global diversity of animals doubled during the Great Ordovician Biodiversity Event. |
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Term
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Definition
| The dramatic increase in hard-bodied animals in one reason for a better fossill record beginning in the Proterozoic Eon. |
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Term
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Definition
| Filter Feeding animals eat by passing seafloor muc though their digestive tracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shell-dearing foraminifera that resemble wheat grains care called _____ and were important guide fossils in the late Paleozoic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pelycosaurse had skeletal characteristics similar to malls, which is why they are thought to have gien rise to the more advanced mammal-like reptiles called? |
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Term
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Definition
| are the earliest fossil evidence for land plants? |
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Term
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Definition
| The geographic seperation between the Triassic, faulted, sedimentary and crystalline rocks of the east coast of the United States, and the flat-lying Cretaceous sediments of the Atlantic coastal plain, is called the? |
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Term
| Nevadan, Sevier, Laramide |
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Definition
| In the Cordilleran belt, the Mesozoic Era begins with the Sonamo orogeny and is followed by the ________ orogenies, listed oldest to youngest. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ________ flooded most of central North America and deposited silts and sands during the middle Jurassic Period. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Mesozoic Era includes the oldest periode of? |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle periode of the Mesozoic Era is? |
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Term
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Definition
| The youngest period of the Mesozoic Era is? |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediments in the ____ basin at the southern end of Africa are valued for their abundance of fossilized, mammal-like reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| Sediments that were deposited in the Tethys Sea are now exposed in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain belt |
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Term
| increases the witdth of ocean basins |
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Definition
| The formation of new basaltic crust at midoceanic spreading ridges _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| The Sundance Sea occupied a large region of the Western United States during the ______ period |
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Term
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Definition
| Chalk, a very common Cretaceouse rock, is composed of calcareous platelets called? |
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Term
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Definition
| In plate tectonic terms, the depositional basin that received terrigenouse clastics supplied by streams from the Cordileran highlands is called a ? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ________ Salt Formation, associated with salt comes and petroleum resources, was deposited when rifting formed the gult of mexico |
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Term
| Deformation and ignouse activity moving eastward |
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Definition
| A change in angle of subduction on the west coast of Morth America resulted in? |
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Term
| Gulf of Mexico and Arctic Ocean |
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Definition
| During Late Cretaceous times, an epicontinetal sea connected the? |
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Term
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Definition
| The first stage of Pangea occurred during _____ with rifting and volcanism along normal fault systems as the crust was pulled apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mass extinction in the late _____ period was the most devastasting loss of biodiversity in Earth History? |
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Term
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Definition
| The frist land plants reproduced by seeds? |
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Term
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Definition
| A ______ fossil, an animal that encolsed its body with two valves and used a lophophore to feed? |
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Term
| Pelycosaurs, dimetrodon, edaphosaurus |
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Definition
| _________ may have used the sail-like fin on their back to regular body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| The animals that have a notochord and a dorsally set nerve cord at some stage in their development or throughout thier lives are called ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Ordovician fossils resembling ______ suggest that plants may have occupied moist habitats on land. |
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Term
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Definition
| Minute, bilaterally symmetric animals which grow in colonies and frewquently appear twig-like when viewed without the aid of a magnifier are members of the phylum ______? |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ are members of the arthropoda phylum and have a body divided into a cephalon, thorax, pygidium |
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Term
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Definition
| The oldest fossil remains of fish found in Lower Paleozoic rocks are called? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The final orogeny to affect the Cordilleran region of the North American craton during Paleozoic was the? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The Catskill clastic wedge is the result of erosion from uplifted highlands formed by the ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glacers formed on _____ during the late Paleozoic because it was located at the South Pole? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The Paleozoic Era ended _____ million years ago |
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Term
|
Definition
| The eon that began 542 million years ago is called the ______ |
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Term
|
Definition
| This squence ofterrestrial red beds, shed westwad from highlands elevated during the Taconic Orogeny, and was called the ______? |
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Term
| Sandstones, carbonates, and evaporites |
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Definition
| The lithology of the transgressing Tippecanoe sequence, from oldest to youngest, is |
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Term
|
Definition
| During the Early Paleozoic, the continent that we know today as North American was somewhat different and in historical geology we call it? |
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Term
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Definition
| The boundary of the base of Cambrian rocks is marked by the lowest (oldest) occurrence of feeding burrows of this trace fossil _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a region of displaced terrances that formed at convergent plate boundary. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ at the southern end of Africa are vauled for their abudance of fossillized mammal-like reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed after regression of the sundance sea and is well known for the presence of Jurassic terrestrail reptitles and dinasour. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plate tectonic terms, depostional basin that received terrigenouse clastics suppled by streams from Cordilleran highlands |
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Term
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Definition
| Sundance sea occupied a large region of western united states during ________ period |
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Term
|
Definition
| The growth style of a continent by progressive incororaton of crustal fragments and exotic terrances _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| Sea anemonies, sea fans, jellyfish, tiny hydra and reef framing corals are all representatives of the phylum _____ |
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Term
| similiar limb, bones, and tooth enamel patterns |
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Definition
| Evidance that amphibians are descended from lobe-finned fish include ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| In _____ the fleshy tissues fold called the mantle secretes the shell |
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Term
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Definition
| are single celled planktonic members of the protista kingdon that makes fragile skeletons of silica. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The cretaceous formation that has yeiled the remails of a veraity of mariene creatures large divided birds, mariene reptitles and the large flying reptiles |
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Term
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Definition
| Least strongest extinction |
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Term
|
Definition
| possible reasons for change of life |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the earliest chordates from which mamals are descendts of |
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Term
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Definition
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