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| paper money printed to fund Civil War |
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| President of the Confederacy, performed valiantly in Mexican American war |
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| appointed director of the United States Military Railroads by Lincoln |
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| over 100,000 Southern men who fled north to fight for Union |
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| northerners supporting letting the south secede |
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| developed the Anaconda Plan |
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| developed by Gen Winfield Scott, emphasized exhausting the south into submission. Included naval blockade and go down Miss. River. |
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| Confed Gen supporting an offensive defensive, relieved J.E. Johnston in 1862 |
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| southern concept of sending troops from garrisons nearer the conflict and replacing them with soldiers from garrisons further from conflict |
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| allowed Lincoln to call three-month militia for conflict which he did in 1861 |
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| Apr 12, 1861 - first for attacked in Charleston, surrendered without a fight |
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| location of union arsenal burned by south after supplies were stolen early in war |
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| led Ohio forces to Washington and crossed Patomac, forcing Rebs out of western VA |
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| 1861 - Union Gen, commanded 35,000 at Alexandria, led First Bull Run and was replaced by McClellan |
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| 1861-Reb Gen, led Rebs in First Bull Run |
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| 1861-fought outside Washington, Union lost to Stonewall Jackson, Beauregard |
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| 1861-U commander of St Louis Arsenal, acted quickly to save militia from favoring south and drove Rebs out of Jefferson City, took a bullet through the heart while expelling Rebs from SW MO |
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| 1861-a neutral state that was occupied by Rebs first, causing it to side w/U |
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| 1861-1865-this state caught in an internal civil war while the larger civil war went on around it |
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| 1861-U Cdr of Western Dept, finally able to bring order to MO and unable to thrust down Miss R as Lincoln had hoped |
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| 1862-authorized Reb guerilla warfare like John S Mosby's unit |
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| 1862-operated Reb guerrilla ranger unit behind U lines |
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| 1861-hesitant U gen who constantly overestimated enemy strength, seemed to believe that Rebs must be better prepared, paralyzed by carnage |
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| 1861-U Gen did not hesitate to fight, remained calm, relentless |
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| 1861-McClellan ordered a force reconnaissance to Leesburg, resulting in humiliating U defeat |
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| 1861-failed to open Miss R line as Lincoln wished, could not coordinate w/Gen Buell to take Tenn., promoted to Cdr WestTheatre in 1862 |
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| 1861-unable to coordinate w/Gen Halleck to take Nashville, failed objective of invading east Tenn |
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| 1861-U defeat in MO, a battle similar to First Bull Run...initial U gains followed by retreat |
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| 1861-SECNAV recalled all foreign ships in 42-ship navy, established expansion plan for blockades |
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1862-Reb Gen in Shenandoah Valley, commanded from Appalachians to Indian Territory
1863-put in charge of western forces
1864-relieved after failing to defeat Sherman
1865-recalled to service by Davis |
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| 1862-UGenn Thomas attacks RebGen Zollicoffer, first Reb defeat |
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| 1862-Reb Ft surrendered to Grant without a fight |
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| 1862-Reb Ft surrendered to Grant after Ft Henry |
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| 1862-Rebs outnumbered U 2-1 but lost to Gen Curtis in Arkansas, securing U hold on MO |
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| 1862-Surprise Reb attack on Grant & Halleck led by J.E. Johnston, tactical blunders led to Reb loss but U unable to capitalize on victory |
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| 1862-Reb garrison lost to U gunboats, |
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| 1862-U cdr of 18 warships, sailed up Miss R, charged past Fts to defenseless New Orleans forcing a surrender, later moved to Vicksburg to secure Miss R |
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| 1862-sieged by McClellan who believed it was stronger than it was, Rebs evacuated giving up Norfolk Harbor |
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Term
| Battle of Fair Oaks (7 Pines) |
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Definition
| 1862-Rebs claimed victory but U forces crossed Chickahominy R and pushed Rebs back |
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| 1862-took place in June consisting of 5 battles, Rebs lost all engagements but took initiative from U |
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| Second Battle of Bull Run |
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Definition
| 1862-UGen Pope ran into RebGen Jackson, Longstreet, and Lee, assumed they were trapped and attacked got crushed |
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Term
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| 1862-Issued by Lee, outlined dispersing his army to converge on Harpers Ferry, fell into the hands of UGen McClellan who did nothing with it |
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| Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) |
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Definition
| 1862-the war's bloodiest day, Reb tactics parried U numbers, Lee retreated & McClellan did not pursue angering Lincoln. Battle was an indecisive victory |
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Term
| Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| 1862-although initially appearing to turn British against U, resulted in Britain's abstaining from supporting Rebs |
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| 1862-RebGen replacing Beauregard in western theater, took Chattanooga ahead of UGen Buell |
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| 1862-RebGen Bragg & 3 divisions ran into UGen Buell with 40,000 men, realized mistake after some engagement and withdrew. indecisive victory reminiscent of Antietam |
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1862-Relieved UGen Buell
1863-beat RebGen Bragg into Chattanooga leading up to Battle of Chicamunga |
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| 1862-UGen Burnside waited to cross river on pontoons (late because of Halleck), Lee regrouped and smashed him here |
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| Battle of Murfreesboro (Stones R) |
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| 1862-After singing together at night, UGen Rosecrans battled RebGen bragg here resulting in 1/3 casualties for each side and an indecisive victory for U |
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| 1862-UGen Grant sent Sherman to take this town but was beaten by RebGen Forrest, forever ending any attempts to take it |
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| Final Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| 1863-signed for war, not humanitarian reasons, risked fragmenting the U and alienating southern Unionists |
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Term
| 1st Kansas Colored Volunteers |
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Definition
| 1862-raised by James H Lane in MO, full of escaped slaves and free blacks, unauthorized by federal gov't |
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Term
| Second Confiscation and Militia Acts |
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Definition
| 1862-allowed president to employ black soldiers |
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Term
| Northern Peace Democrats (Copperheads) |
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| supporters of states' rights and peace, often held very similar beliefs of southerners |
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| 1863-allowed prisoners to be held in prison without a trial for crimes related to the war |
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| 1863-location where army of Potomac was held over winter 62-63 |
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| 1863-UGen Burnside attempted to move his army through mud but it was sunk to its axles, Burnside was replaced by Gen Hooker |
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| 1863-UGen who replaced UGen Burnside after he lost Lincon's confidence. Reinstated old corps, reorganized cavalry, supplied troops with repeater carbines |
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| 1863-UADM who assaulted Charleston unsuccesfully demoralizing U, replaced by Dahlgren |
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| 1863-flag ship of Dupont's |
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Term
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| 1863-Hooker declares victory over confederate troops too soon, Lee divides his troops several times and beats him despite taking heavy casualties, concluded at Chacellorsville |
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Term
| Battle of Chancellorsville |
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Definition
| 1863-Lee's greatest victory despite high casualties, Lee's division of troops was brilliant as he outmaneuvered UGen Hooker |
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| 1863-largest cavalry action in the war, Lee believed U was led by Hooker and in VA when actually Meade commanded it in Cashtown, led to Gettysburg |
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| 1863-day battle on 5 hills, Lee was in disagreement with his generals, included Picket's charge, began at Brandy Station while U was trying to get shoes here |
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| 1863-nambe after the RebGen who ordered it, attempted to advance on Cemetery Ridge Gettysburg day 1 and was smashed by cannons |
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| 1863-took 12 troop ships past Reb guns and lost only 1, assisting Grant in moving south to split Pemberton and Johnston |
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| 1863-Grant beat RebGen Pemberton here splittin ghim from RebGen Jackson. He then went on to destroy Pemberton's rear guard |
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| 1863-Grant destroyed RebGen's rear guard here after defeating him at Champion Hill |
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| 1863-Grant defeated RebGen Johston here before moving to Pemberton to split them |
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| 1863-RebGen Pemberton garrisoned here and repulsed grant until sieged |
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| 1863-Rosecrans and UGen George H Thomas battle Bragg here, retire to Chattanooga. Although a Reb victory it was costly and of little value |
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| 1863-UGen that withstood Reb attacks in the dark at Chiclamauga before withdrawing to Chattanooga. "The Rock of Chickamauga" eventually replaced Rosecrans |
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| 1863-replaced the failed DuPont and blockaded Charleston effectively |
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| 1863-SECNAV, architect of the blockade |
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Term
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| 1863-AstSECNAV helped plan amphibious ops and capture bases in enemy territory, closed Reb ports |
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Term
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| 18630-RebSECNAV, struggled in all spects of raising an effective fleet |
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| 1863-world's first successful submarine, suck the U Housatonic at the Charleston blockade |
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| 1863-U ship holding blockade, sunk by Hunley |
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| 1863-converted into ironclad Virginia, sunk Cumberland and Congress, fought to stalemate w/U Monitor |
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| 1863-first U ironclad, fought to stalemate w Reb Merrimack giving advantage to U |
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| 1863-1st commissioned Reb commerce raider |
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| 1863-Reb commerce raider, sailed 75,000 miles and took 64 prizes before being sunk by Kearsarge |
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Term
| Battle of the Wilderness (II) |
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Definition
| 1864-continuous fighting over 5-week stretch, included Cold Harbor, ultimately resulted in slaughter and stalemate as Grant tried to reach Petersburg |
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| 1864-Grant launched frontal assault here during Battle of Wilderness (II) and lost thousands while gaining very little |
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| 1864-UGen who marched south to Atlanta and Savannah, flanking J.E.Johnston west constantly before finally flanking east, fought RebGen Hood at Battle of Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, and Ezra Church, then sieged Atlanta |
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Term
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| southern symbol second only to Richmond, a major railway link and contained major war industries...eventually burned |
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| 1864-J.E. Johnston fell back here Sherman outflanked him, battle was fought here with U victory |
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| RebGen defeated by Sherman in Atlanta but escaped with his army |
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| 1864-taken by Farragut who destroyed a Reb squadron and the city was sealed off from outside world, U celebrated, bolstered Lincoln's poor status |
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| 1865-RebGen Hood's futile attempt at a strike turned suicidal as UGen Thomas annihilated his force |
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| 1865-Rebs last blockade-running port, sealed up when Fort Fisher was taken by U |
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| 1865-Johnston tries to route Sherman on his march through the carolinas in SC and fails |
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| 1865-Lee tries to unite with Johnston but fails here in a battle that ends at Five Forks |
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Term
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| 1865-battle that starts at Ft Stedman ends here in a U victory |
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Term
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| 1865-U troops overrun Reb trenches after winning at Ft Stedman, leads up to Appomattox Court House |
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| 1865-Lee surrenders to Grant here, Grant offers 25,000 rations but Lee only has 8,000 effectives left |
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| 1868-created a war scare with Spain when 50 officers and crew were executed by Spanish Navy, she was smuggling contraband into Cuba to help rebels fighting Spain |
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| 1880s-believed the US needed no modern navy since US didn't compete for imperialist goals like Europe, only small, coastal fleet needed |
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| 1882-Commodore negotiated first treaty between Korea and a western nation (US) |
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Term
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| 1869-declared all ships be outfitted w/full-sail power to put to rest arguments between staff and line officers |
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| 1862-conflicts begain with this tribe that eventually spread to all affiliated with it as far as the Dakotas |
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| 1662-Failed at Second Bull Run and out west fighting indians |
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Term
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| 1864-Colorado volunteers attacked Black Kettle's Southern Cheyenne village, despite the raising of American and White flags. Men, women, and children all killed |
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| 1881-the only time indian scouts turned on white soldiers |
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| Comanches, Cheyennes, Arapahos, Kiowas, Sioux |
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| Utes, Bannocks, Sheepeaters, Nez Perce |
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| 1876-Sioux attacked Gen Crooke's column, Crook was repeatedly saved by indian allies preventing him from being overrun |
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| 1876-Custer crossed over Rosebud, Gibbon and Terry blocked Bighorn River to prevent escape. Custer would not take Gatling guns or reinforcements |
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| primary function of this unit was fighting indians |
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| 1865-established to aid former slaves and impress federal power on southern states |
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| established Reconstruction poilicy in the south, struggled with enforcing policies in the south |
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| 1867-enhanced commanding general's authority over army |
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| 1867-kept Grant and Stanton in their positions despite disagreements with Johnson |
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| 1867-legalized army occupation, reinstated marial law, divided South into 5 military districts |
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| northern patriotic society, spread to the South where freedmen comprised most of its members, used to mobilize black voters |
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| began as a social fraternity and spread to an organization known for violence against minorities and Catholics |
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Term
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| 1874-deployed 7th Cavalry to overcome Ku Klux Klan threat in SC |
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| 1870s-outlawed the KKK, gave fed authority to declare martial law |
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| 1877-changes in American demographics and economy caused great change, Army was utilized to police strikes although many officers were sympathetic to those on strike |
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| 1877-sent 2,000 regulars to troubled areas of strikes |
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Term
| National Guard Association |
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| 1879-formed by militia leaders to lobby Congress for favorable legislation |
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| President Chester A Arthur |
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| defined America as the Chief Pacific Power, promoted manifest destiny |
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| 1882-1883-took place under SECNAV William H Hunt, resulted in approval for 2 steel cruisers but funding was never provided |
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| 1882-SECNAV who pushed for Navy's rebuilding |
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| 1882-authorized to research and deliberate naval matters |
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| 1883-authorized and funded the ABCD ships |
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| 1883-Atlanda, Boston, Chicago, and Dolphin, 4 cruisers with steam engins, screw propellers, electric power plants, and breechloading rifles |
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| 1884-first modern US ship without sails |
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| 1890s-SECNAV who believed "seawill be the future seat of empire," authorized 3 battleships: Oregon, Indiana, Massachusetts, and later Iowa. Cruisers:ABC--Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dolphin |
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| 1890s-precursor of concentrated battlefleet, first time they steamed in formation with tactical maneuvers faster than under steam |
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| Army Board of Ordnance and Fortifications |
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Definition
| 1883-tested weapons and implemented them. led to Naval Appropriations Act |
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Definition
1883-created Gun Foundry Board of Army and Navy officers to investigate
Euro arms production and implement them in American ships and coastal forts |
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Term
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Definition
| 1883-established educational systems that taught scientific methods in US |
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| School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth |
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Definition
| 1868-trained junior officers emphasizing small-unit tactics |
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Term
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Definition
| operated in relative freedom from civilian restraint, drew up war plans, controlled educational system ensuring talent ended in military |
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| 1878-established to study Army reform and Upton's principles of an expansible army and Congress voted them down, Upton commits suicide |
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| 1884-established by William E Chandler |
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| 1884-established Naval War college |
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| Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) and Military Information Division (MID) |
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| 1882-gathered info on foreign military movements and held fierce rivalry against one another |
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| 1898-15 states form essentially reserve Navies |
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| 1898-exploded leading to Spanish American War |
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| 1898-Maine was stationed here when she blew up, starting Spanish American War |
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| 1895-commanded by Maximo Gomez, the conflict that pulled US into war w/Spain aided by Monroe Doctrine |
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| 1895-led Cuban Revolution against Spanish |
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| 1895-Spanish-seated Cuban gov who used concentration methods to beat rebels into submission |
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| 1895-Used by Gen Valeriano Weyler to congregate Cuban rebels and beat them into submission |
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Definition
| 1898-Averse to conflict but an able CIC, was in office at beginning of Span-Am war |
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Definition
| 1898-prevented US from annexing Cuba in any event |
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| 1898-Ast SECNAV, left Navy to lead Rough Riders in 5th Corps |
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| 1898-Commanded by George Dewey, sat near Philippines, ready to strike |
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Definition
| ADM in charge of Atlantic Squadron, blockaded Cuba at Havana |
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| 1898-the Rough Riders, commanded by Col Wood and LtCol Roosevelt |
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| 1898-Col in charge of the Rough Riders, Roosevelt was his 2nd in command |
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| 1898-Destroyed Spanish fleet commanded by Montojos in Phillipines, considered a war hero |
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| 1890s-location of first US fighting on Cuban soil |
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Definition
| 1890s-created 5th Corps, fat man who was an arrogant and inept leader |
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Term
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Definition
| 1890s-Cuban reb cdr who coordinated w/Shafter |
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Definition
| 1890s-location where Shafter fought Spanish, made his troops do head-on charges, lost many men, did not take advantage of enemy when they were weakened. Demoralized troops |
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Term
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Definition
| 1890s-Destroyed Spanish ADM Cervera's fleet at Gitmo Bay |
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Term
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Definition
| defeated by Schley at Gitmo Bay |
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Term
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Definition
| 1890s-Spanish ADM recalled to Spain after Cervera defeated at Gitmo Bay, freeded up US Naval forces |
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| 1890s-negotiated surrender with Shafter in Cuba |
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