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| Articles of Confederation |
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| weak form of government for the United States after the Revolutionary War; this formed a "firm league of friendship" between states instead of a strong central government |
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| the main governing body under the Articles of Confederation; it couldn't collect taxes, eachstate had one vote in Congress, and 9 out of 13 states had to vote to pass a law |
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| Congress; the part of government that passes laws; this was the only branch of government under the Articles of Confederation |
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| branch of government headed by a President that carries out the laws; under the Articles of Confederation there was no ___ branch |
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| branch of government that interprets the laws; a court system headed by the Supreme Court; there was no ___ branch under the Articles of Confederation |
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| period during which prices rise rapidly; problem in government under the Articles of Confederation |
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| group that wanted a stronger form of national government; this was the start of one of the first political parties |
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| uprising of farmers led by Daniel Shays protesting the high taxes that were forcing farmers to sell their land; although this was unsuccessful, it showed we needed a stronger central government |
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| lands that extended west to the Mississippi River that were gained from the British byt he Treaty of Paris |
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| official order that set up the steps for territories to become states; it also prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| meeting of delegates from the colonies whose original goal was to revise the Articles of Confederation; they ended up replacing the Articles with a new Constitution |
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| leader of the Constitutional Convention |
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| a nationalist delegate to the Constitutional Convention who wrote daily notes of their progress |
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| delegate to the Constitutional Convention who was a Federalist leader |
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| plan proposing 3 branches of government with representation in Congress based on state population; this was popular in the larger states but was not fair for the smaller states |
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| plan giving each state equal power in Congress by giving each state the same amount of representatives regardless of size; this was a popular plan for the smaller states |
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| plan where each side gives up something to reach an agreement |
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| plan proposed by Roger Sherman in which Congress would have 2 parts; the Senate, where each state would have equal representation, and the House of Representatives, where each state would have representatives based on population |
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| compromise between the Northern and Southern states under which slaves would be counted as part of a state's population for both representation in Congress and for taxes,however,only 3 out of 5 slaves would be counted |
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| the introduction to the Constitution |
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| powers left by the Constitution for state governments (education and elections) |
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| powers that the federal government shares with the state government (tax laws and managing roads) |
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| system that guards against one branch of government becoming too powerful; each branch has power over the other |
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| power of the President to refuse to sign bills into law |
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| each branch of government has different and separate powers |
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| name that the Nationalists came to be known as; they wanted a strong national government; this became one of the 2 major political parties |
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| group not happy with the power that the new Constitution gave the federal government; they wanted individual rights guaranteed; this became one of the 2 major political parties |
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| Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and John Hancock |
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| Antifederalists who wanted to protect individuals' freedoms and rights |
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| James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay |
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| Federalist leaders who wrote a series of essays in favor of the Constitution called the Federalist. |
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| addition or change to the Constitution |
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| the first 10 amendments to the Constitution; these guaranteed individual rights and freedoms; without this the Constitution would not have been ratified |
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