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| Defines the appearance of column headings and the format of the column data. |
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| Adds a header to the top of each report page |
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| Adds a footer to the bottom of each report page. |
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| Suppresses duplicated data for a specific column(s) when presented in a sorted order. |
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| Performs coluculations in a report based on the AVG, SUM, COUNT, MIN, or MAX statistical function. |
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| Redirects output to a text file |
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| Adds a column heading to a specified column |
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| Defines the width of columns and applies specific formats to columns containing numeric data. |
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| Indicates text to be substituted for NULL values in a specified column |
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| Specifies the symbol to be used to separate a colun heading from the contents of the column |
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| Establishes the maximum number of characters that can appear on a single line of output. |
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| Establishes the maximum number of lines that can appear on one page of output. |
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| What is the syntax for a column command? |
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| COLUMN [columnname|columnalias] [option] |
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| What command(s) relaese row locks assigned to a table because of DML statements? |
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| INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE |
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| DML stands for Data Manipulation Language and includes 4 actions which are... |
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| A ____ transaction consists of a collection of DML statements that form a logical unit of work |
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| Transactions ensure ___ in the event of a user process failure or a system failure. |
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| What are the 3 different types of transactions? |
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commit or rollback DDL statement DCL statement user exits or system fails |
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| A database transaction begins with the first executable SQL statement, and ends with 1 or the following 4 event: |
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Savepoints prevent total loss of work already entered rollback retores the data to a state before any changes were made so data changed can be restored commit is an explicit end of a transaction and under the control of the user. |
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| What are 3 advantages of using savepoints, commits, and rollbacks? |
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| What statement ends the current transaction by making all pending data changes permanent? |
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| What statement marks a point within the current transaction? |
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| What statement ends the current transaction by discaring all pending changes? |
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| An automatic commit occurs under what 3 circumstances? |
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| When does an automatic rollback occur? |
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| The rows that are affected by DML statements are ____ from other users. |
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| Other users ____ view the results of the DML statements by the current user. |
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| The current user ____ view the results of his/her DML statement by using the SELECT statement. |
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