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Forestry Natural Resources
big test
119
Other
Undergraduate 1
05/04/2010
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Term

Not required by plants but indispensable to the health of animals

 

 

 Definition

B.) Iodine
Term
Principal steps followed in executing a conservation program for a farmer requesting technical assistance from SCS/NRCS
 Definition
a.) acre by acre survey; plan drawn up by conservationist and farmer; application of plan; year to year maintence
Term
Mineral nutrients utilized by organisms in large quantitiles
 Definition
C. Macronutrients
Term
Mineral Nutrients utilized by organisms in minute amounts
 Definition
D. Micronutrients
Term
Parallel embankments of earth constructed across a slope in such a way as to control water runoff and erosion
 Definition
B. terrace
Term
Sources of soil nutrient depletion
 Definition
E.) Cropping, erosion and the use of pesticides
Term
One to five rows of trees planted on the western margin of a farm in the north- south line to intercept winters prevailing westernly winds
 Definition
D. Shelterbelt
Term
Soil Conservation service/ Natural Resource Conservation Service
 Definition
E. SCS/NRCS
Term
The Farmers attempt to reduce soil disturbance associated with planting, cultivating, and harvesting to an absolute minimum
Definition
A.)Minimum tillage or conservation tillage
Term
On land with a decided slope, planting crops on contour strips will be effective erosion detterent
 Definition
C.) Strip- Cropping
Term
A properly designed shelterbelt of adequate height and thickness may reduce a wind velocity of 30 miles per hour to only 8 miles per hour
 Definition
a.) True
Term
Plants require more elements for health, growth and reproduction than animals require
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The greatest advantage in conservation have been made during the 1900s
 Definition
A.) True
Term
People sometimes abuse land because they regard it as a commodity belonging to them.If they would regard it as a commodity to which they belong they would treat it with love and respect
 Definition
a.) True
Term
Which of the following is not one of the three great waves of conservation which have taken place this and last century
 Definition
D.) Abraham Lincoln's post civil war policies
Term
Although the United States has 30 percent of the world's population, it consumes only 5 percent ofthe world's recources.
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The EPA absorbed other environmental related federal agencies and eliminated duplication of effort and has promoted efficiency
 Definition
A.) True
Term

Our current global environmental dilemma is the result of which of the following factors

A.) Rapid Pollution Growth

B.) Pollutions

C.)Excessive Consumption of resources

D.) Gradual deterioration of wind ethic

E.) All Of These

 Definition
E.) All Of These
Term
What is the function of the EPA- Environmental Protection Agency
 Definition

A.) Resource conservation

B.) Maintence and upgrading of the human environment

D.)Both answers A&B
Term
An outgrowth of the thyroid due to an iodine deficiency
 Definition
B.) Goiter
Term
Methods of restoring soil fertility
 Definition
C.) using organicd fertilizers animals anue, green manue, groundup fish, etc. using inorganicc fertilizers; crop rotation
Term
Benefits of organic fertilizers
 Definition
Improved soil structure, reduced erosion, root zone deration better seedling emergence, a more favorable medium for soil microorganism
Term
Definition of a complete fertilizer or balanced fertilizers
 Definition
A.) a mixture invarying ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Term
Disadvantages of inorganic fertilizers
 Definition
E.)Subtle adverse changes in soil structure; contribution to water polution problems
Term
Of the world's 800 million couples of childbearing age 1 in 4 practice some methods of birth control
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Empire and nations, like individuals are dependent upon the soil. If a nations soil resources are fertile and abundant it will have vigor and stability
 Definition
A.) True
Term
The size of the individual mineral particles and the proportions in which they occur
 Definition
A.) Soil Texture
Term
An important reservoir of plant food because of the large surface area and the negative electric charge
 Definition
E.) Clay
Term
The arrangement or grouping of the primary particles(grave) sand, silt and clay into clusters called aggregates
 Definition
C.) Soil Structure
Term
30-50 sand; 30-50 silt; 1-20 clay
 Definition
B.)Loam
Term
Effective crop-rotation techniques do not promote soil fertility and they actually accelerate erosion
 Definition
B.) False
Term
A 100lb. sack of 5-3-2 fertilizer would contain 5lb of nitrogen, 3b of phosphorous, 2lbs potassium and 90lbs of some type of carrier
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Hydrolysis, oxidation and solution-mineral decomposition from chemical and weathering due to water
 Definition
B.) Chemical factors of soil formation
Term
Soil bacteria, lichens, mosses, animal, burrowing activities
 Definition
C.) Biological factors of soil formation
Term
Rapid, Heating, cooling, thawing and freezing
 Definition
a.) Physical factors of soil formation
Term
Develop from parent material that has been transported by water. Are extremely fertile. Supports almost 1/3 of the world
 Definition
E.) Alluvial Soils
Term
Underlying weathered bedrockand materials carried in by glaciers, water, and wind
 Definition
D.) sources of parent material
Term
Which of the following factors are prerequisite to the study of soills?
 Definition
E.) All of these answers
Term
All factors being equal the warmer and wetter the climate, the more rapid the process of the soil development
 Definition
a.) True
Term
The major features of china's population control program,which we have reduced the TRP to replacement lever(2,1) as of 1990 are the following:
 Definition
A.) Mass education on family planning
Term
Two to 12 inches of fertile clay and silt soils had been carried from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Seaboard
Definition
C.) The Dust Bowl
Term
The federal government gave the farmer or rancher title to 160 acres of land provided it was occupied for five years
 Definition
The Homestead Act
Term
Land Management practices which control excessive soil erosion
 Definition
a.)contour farming;stip cropping, minimum tillage, terracing; and gully reclamation
Term
The process by which rocks fragment and soil are detached from their original site are transported, and eventually deposited at some new locality
 Definition
D.) Soil Erosion
Term
85. Functions of the soil conservation service/natural resource conservation service
 Definition
E.) To provide technical assistance to farmers and ranchers so they can utilize each acre of land according to its capacity in according to its capacity and its accordance with the needs of the soil.
Term
Problems that are currently hampering our nations agricultural efforts
 Definition
E.) Encroachment by suburban sprawl, soil erosion, dependency upon huge inputs of fossil fuel energy, flow and sediment damage, and availability of water for irrigation & atmospheric pollution
Term
This process continues to operate at a slow,deliberate pace for million of years
 Definition
D.) Geological Erosion
Term
Factors that determine the rate of water erosion
 Definition
C.)Volume and intensity of precipitation topography of terrain, kind of vegetation cover and soil condition
Term
Plowing, Seeding, Cultivationn and harvesting across
 Definition
B.) Contour Farming
Term
The type of erosion about which the conservationist is primarily concerned
 Definition
A.) Accerlated erosion
Term
In food chains the number of individual are greatest at the producer level less at the herbivore level, and smallest at the carnivore
 Definition
A.) Pyramid of Numbers
Term
Plants are 1% efficient in converting solar energy. Herbivores like cows and man are 10% efficient. Only 1 out of every 1000 calories of sum is available to man
 Definition
B.) Pyramid of Energy
Term
Habitat and total functional role of an organisms in an ecosystem that is, the relationship to all biotic and abiotic factors.
 Definition
D.) Niche
Term
Limiting factors-- any species population attains a peak under optional environmental conditions-- Too much or too little causes adverse effects ona given species
 Definition
C. Tolerance Ranges
Term
A Distinctive area--the largest terrestrial community that can be easily recognized by a biologist
 Definition
E.) BIOME
Term
Some marine food chains leading from algae to tuna might be so long that 10,000 pounds or algae would be required to produced a single pound of tuna
 Definition
A.) True
Term
During the past two centuries, these resources management approaches have been used in the United States.
 Definition
E.) Exploitation, preservation, the utilitarian approach and the ecological or sustainable approach
Term
If the energy in a particular system is largely in a dispersed conditon, we would say that the system show a high degree of disorder. The measurement of the degree of a system is known what?
 Definition
D.)Entrophy
Term
The replacement of one community of organisms(plant or animals) by another in an orderly and predictable manner
 Definition
A.) Biological Succession
Term
A succession that develops in an area not previously occupied by a community
 Definition
B.) Primary Succession
Term
A community that develops in an area that was previously occupied by another community
 Definition
C.) Secondary Succession
Term
Whenever one form of energy is converted to another a certain amount if new energy is created as heat
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The inital ink in a food chain-often may be grass or some plant
 Definition
B.) Producer
Term
The transfer of energy and nutrients through a succession of organisms via repeated processes of eating and being eaten
 Definition
A.) Food Chain
Term
The interconnected series of food chains
 Definition
C.) Food Web
Term
A Plant Eater
 Definition
C.) Herbivore
Term
A Flesh-eating organisms
 Definition
D.) Carnivore
Term
The structure of an ecosystem include the kinds, numbers and distribution of plants and animals
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Energy is the capacity to do work
 Definition
A.) True
Term
From the atmosphere into the soil to be changed into ammonia to be used by first plants & then animals to build proteins and finally back into the soil or atmosphere
 Definition
B.) Nitrogen Cycle
Term
From the atmosphere into plants where it is combined with hydrogen to form sugar. May be eaten by animals to form animals to form animal protoplasm. Finally back to the atmosphere
 Definition
C.) Carbon Cycle
Term
The flow from the non-living(abiotic) environment such as rocks air and water into the bodies of livin organism and then back into the non-living environment
 Definition
A.) Elemental Cycle
Term
Plants and animals were buried under sediment and escaped complete decomposition
 Definition
E.)Coal and fossil fuel formation
Term
Energy cannot be created but it can be converted
 Definition
D.) First Law of Energy
Term
The average farmer in the United States is produciing enough food to satisfy the need of about 55 people
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Advances in medicine(including modern surgical techniques and the development of vaccines and antibiotics) have helped to reduce the present rapid earth buildup of people on this
 Definition
B.) False
Term
At the present time, 15% of the world's population is under 33 years of age
 Definition
B.) False
Term
Two of every three people in the world are either malnourished or go to bed hungry
 Definition
A.) True
Term
The percent annual growth rate for the world population at percent is about 1.8
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Environmental damage caused by neo-Malthusian or technological overpopulation ons includes excessive consumption of resources; pollution of air, land, and water; defilement of scenic beauty; wildlife extinction
 Definition
A.) True
Term
When nations become industrialized they frequently undergo a demographic transition. This is characterized by a reduction in both birth and death rates
 Definition
A.) True
Term
By Malthusian overpopulation is meant an overpopulation of people, usually in industrialized countries, who, because of their use of advanced technology, have a harmful effect on the environment
 Definition
B.) False
Term
By neo-malthusian or technological overpopulation is meant too many people for the available food supply. It is characteristicof the less developed nations of Aria, African, South America
 Definition
B.) False
Term
Climatologist inform us that the temperature in the northern hemispher is slowly increasing
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The doubling time for the global population at present is about 389 years
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The average farmer in the U.S. is producing enough food to satisfy the needs of about 55 people
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Which of the following is not a reason that the American farmers must produce even more food
 Definition
E.) To prevent eutrophication
Term
The rate of natural increase(or decrease) is the difference between the birth and death rates. The world's rate of natural increase at present is about 18 per thousand
 Definition
A.) True
Term
The global population is increasing at the rate of 234,000 per day- equal to the daily increasing of another syracuse, New York. Each year the world's population is increasing by 87 million- equal to nine New York cities or two engaged
 Definition
A.) True
Term
By their burrowing activity earthworms promote soil aeration and drainage and facilitate downward growth & plate roots
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Soil algae release oxygen and thereby did in soil aeration
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Clay particles are so minute that they are not even visible under an ordinary microscope
 Definition
A.) True
Term
The spaces(spores) among the individual sand particles are quite large and therefore sand is usually well aerated and has good drainage
 Definition
A.) True
Term
A Cross-sectional view of all the various horizons in a soil
 Definition
E.) Soil Profile
Term
The horizontally arranged layers into which some soils are organized
 Definition
D.) Soil Horizon
Term
Converts starch into sugar; photosynthesis, acts as the medium by which minerals and sugar are transported; maintains plants shape.
 Definition
A.) Functions of water in plants
Term
Bacteria, fungi, molds, algae, protozoa, nematodes, and earthworms
 Definition
C.) Biotic Composition of Soil
Term
The amount of water that remains after the excess has drained away from soil that has become water saturated. Half the pore space is filled with water and half with air
 Definition
B.)Field Capacity
Term
Energy from organic matter in the soil is liberated by soil bacteria and then used by the bactera in converting soil nutrients into a form not available to crops
 Definition
B.) False
Term
Clay particles are so mintue that they are not even visible under an ordinary microscope
 Definition
A.)True
Term
A Property designed shelterbelt of adequate height and thickness may reduce a wind velocity of 30 miles per hour to 8 miles per hour
 Definition
A.) True
Term
A 100lb. sack of 5-3-2 fertilizer would contain 5lb.sof nitrogen, 3lb. of phosphorous, 2lbs. potassium and 90lbs. of some type of carrier
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Plants require more elements for health, growth and reproductio than animals require.
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The Community plus the environmental with which its interacts as an ecological system
 Definition
E.) Ecosystem
Term
The numbere of any organisms in a given locality
 Definition
C.)Population
Term
The sums of all living organims occupying a given locality
 Definition
D.) Community
Term
The process by which solar energy is utilized in the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugar
 Definition
B.) Photosynthesis
Term
The study of the interrelationshp which exist between organisms and their environment
 Definition
A.) Ecology
Term

Among the serious conservationist-environmental problems that face our nation are

a.) soil erosion and shrinking

b.)wetland destruction contammation depletion of the ozone layer

e.) all of these

 Definition
E.) All of these
Term

Our nation resources include

a.) soil and minerals

b.) water

c.) Rangeland

d.) Forestry and wildlife

e.) all of these

 Definition
E.) All Of these
Term
The National Environmental Policy Act recognizes that environmental intergrity may be sacrifices on the altar of so-called economic- technologic progress
 Definition
B.) False
Term
The national environmental policy act requires environmental impact statements
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Alost none of the measures applied by the conservation involve ecosytem manipulation
 Definition
B.) False
Term
In terms of conservation individual responsibility and prvilege go hand in hand
 Definition
A.) True
Term
Although the United States has 30% of the world's population, it consumes only 5% of the worlds resources.
 Definition
B.) False
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