Term
| What are the two phases of human identification described by Karen Ramey Burns? |
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Definition
| Osteological description and human identification |
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Term
| What are the four sections that Byers uses to divide the traits used to determine ancestry of a skull? |
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Definition
| Nose, face, vault, jaws and teeth |
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Term
| What bone in the post-cranial skeleton has been extensively studied (beginning with Steward 1962) for the determination of ancestry based on its shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides using the long bones or a complete skeleton, name two of three additional bones used to determine stature, as described by Byers. |
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Definition
| Metacarpals, metatarsals, vertebral column |
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Term
| Byers discusses that Jantz et al (1995) discovered a problem with Mildred Trotter's measurement of which long bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are most of the features used to assess ancestry found on the skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it possible to get stature from a fragmentary long bone? |
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Definition
| Yes, by measuring segments of the fragmentary long bones to determine the total bone length and then entering that length into stature equations. |
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Term
| The Fully method of stature estimation requires which sections of the body to be present in order to estimate the stature? |
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Definition
| Skull, all vertebrae, femur, tibia, and ankle bones |
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Term
| What are the three types of procedures using metric measurements (as described by Byers) that are used to determine ancestry of a skeleton? |
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Definition
| Direct measurement, indexes, discriminant functions |
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Term
| Name the three basic types of pathological conditions. |
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Definition
| Lytic, Deformative and Proliferative |
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Term
| Define mtDNA. Describe the inheritance pattern associated with mtDNA. |
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Definition
| Mitochondrial DNA; it is found in every cell of the human body; it is maternally inherited |
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Term
| What are the five ancestry categories that Forensic Anthropologists use to classify individuals when analyzing ancestry? |
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Definition
| White (Caucasian), Black (African), Asian, Hispanic, Native American |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals sharing common alleles; individuals sharing common genetic background |
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Term
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Definition
| accessory bones at the lambdoidal suture |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical suture through the frontal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital abnormality that can cause death (and leaves the sacrum with separated right and left neural arches) |
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Term
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Definition
| separation of neural arch from the body of the vertebrae |
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Term
| Name the three major methods described in Byers that are used for positive identification of remains. |
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Definition
| Forensic Odontology match (antemortem/postmortem Dental Match), Radiography (x rays), Skull Photo-superimposition |
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Term
| markers of occupational stress |
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Definition
| changes on the bones due to repeated activity associated with jobs or sports |
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Term
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Definition
| Lesions/disease that involve abnormal loss of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Lesions/Disease that lay down excess bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal contours or shapes of the bones of the skeleton |
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Term
| What are the two application procedures of facial imaging? |
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Definition
| Facial Reproduction and Photographic Superimposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Foramina (foramen or holes) in bones where they are not normally found |
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Term
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Definition
| holes in the braincase due to surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which small spurs of bone project from an area that is normally smooth or flat |
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Term
Trauma-induced Pseudo Arthroses
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Definition
| single bone divided into two segments joined by fibrous tissue due to an injury that has not healed properly |
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Term
| Name and define 3 basic types of pathological conditions |
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Definition
| Lytic (destruction of bone), Deformative (deformation of bone), and Proliferative (excessive bone growth) |
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Term
| Identify 3 methods of positive identification. |
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Definition
| Antemortem radiographs, fingerprints, DNA analysis, skull photo superimposition, dental identification |
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Term
| Distinguish between the causes of a parry fracture and a Colle's fracture. |
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Definition
| Parry fracture is a fracture of the ulna that occurs during self-defense (holding their arms up to protect themselves). Colle's fracture is a fracture, usually of the distal radius, due to a fall forwayrd and the victim attempting to catch themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Factors that cause a person to stop breathing and their heart to stop beating |
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Term
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Definition
| The way a person died (homicide, suicide, natural, undetermined, accident) |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaks in the bones where separation of the 2 halves of the bones does NOT occur |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks that result in multiple fragments of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Fractures that radiate outward from the area of applied force |
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Term
| List 3 categories of perimortem. |
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Definition
| Projectile (bullet, ballistic), Sharp Force, Blunt Force |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular or semi-circular fractures that radiate around a central impact site |
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Term
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Definition
| Fracture at the end of a long bone that separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis |
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Term
| List 3 forms of incomplete fractures. |
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Definition
| Fracture (plastic deformation), Bone Bruise (occult intraosseous fracture), Torus (bucling) Fracture, Greenstick Fracture, Toddler's Fracture, Vertical Fracture, Depressed Fracture |
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Term
| List 3 forms of complete fractures. |
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Definition
| Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, Comminuted, Epiphyseal |
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Term
| What 2 rulings were in contention in the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.? |
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Definition
| Frye and Federal Rules of Evidence |
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Term
| List the 4 categories of information that we normally investigate in regards to Blunt Force trauma to the skeleton. |
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Definition
| Type of Instrument (or skull most violated region), Number of Blows, Sequence of Blows, Point(s) of Impact |
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Term
| List the 3 categories of information that we normally investigate in regards to Sharp Force trauma to the skeleton. |
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Definition
| Blade Dimensions, Debris carried into the wound, Blade Characteristics |
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Term
| List the 4 categories of information that we normally investigate in regards to Ballistic trauma to the skeleton. |
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Definition
| Projectile (type), Number of Shots, Sequence of Shots, Direction of Shots |
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Term
|
Definition
| trauma using blunt object or force |
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Term
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Definition
| Trauma using a projectile/bullet |
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Term
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Definition
| blunt force trauma with a sharp instrument (trauma with a sharp instrument) |
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Term
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Definition
| damage due to heat exposure (or burning) |
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Term
| List the 6 goals of a forensic autopsy. |
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Definition
| Who are you? When did you die? Where did you die? Why did you die? What happened? Who did it? |
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Term
| What does DMORT stand for and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Teams. They are a multidisciplinary team that responds to mass fatality incidents (or something along those lines). |
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Term
| Name the 4 categories of gunshot wound distances and describe the characteristics of each. |
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Definition
- contact - touching the skin/searing of skin
- close range - burnt gun powder residue on the skin
- intermediate - stippling/unburnt gunpowder on the skin
- indeterminate - cannot say due to lack of burning or stippling
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Term
| Explain the difference between a laceration and an incised wound. |
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Definition
- laceration - blunt with abraded/contused edges and deep tissue bridging
- incised - sharp, smooth edge with no tissue bridging
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Term
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Definition
| alterations of the physiology and biochemistry that ultimately lead to death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (Equipo Argentino de Antropologia Forense) |
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Term
| List 4 of the 6 categories of pathological diagnosis. |
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Definition
| Neoplastic, infectious, genetic/metabolic, aging/senescence, dietary, traumatic/violent |
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Term
| Who is Dr. Clyde Snow and what was his impact on the field? |
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Definition
| A forensic anthropologist who led the first anthropological investigation of human rights atrocities in Argentina (changed the landscape of human rights investigation) |
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Term
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Definition
| The science of the study of the origin, nature and course of disease. |
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Term
| List the 5 manners of death. |
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Definition
| Natural, Accident, Suicide, Homicide, Undetermined |
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Term
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Definition
| The application of pathological techniques and methods of diagnosis for the interpretation of medical conditions affecting the public |
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Term
| List the 3 major goals of human rights evidentiary investigations. |
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Definition
- objective/scientific reconstruction of events
- collect evidence that can be used in court
- identify the dead
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Term
| List 3 specialists that are present in typical CIL recovery teams. |
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Definition
| Forensic Anthropologist (Archaeologist), Military Officer, Medic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the CIL located? |
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Definition
| Hickam Air Force Base (Honolulu, HI) |
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Term
| What does JPAC-CIL stand for? |
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Definition
| Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command - Central Identification Laboratory |
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