Term
| What are the derivatives of the Vitelline arteries? |
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Definition
Celiac
Superior/Inferior Mesenteric arteries |
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Term
| What artery supplies the foregut? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artery supplies the midgut? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artery supplies the hindgut? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Complete blockage, failure of a lumen to develop |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal communication between two organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Any sac, typically contains liquid or a semisolid substance |
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Term
| What happens during the 4th week of foregut development? |
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Definition
| Primordial growth of organs (liver, dorsal/ventral pancreas, trachea, etc) |
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Term
| What structures pass through the diaphragm? |
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Definition
| Inferior vena cava, esophagus, and aorta |
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Term
| At what vertebral level does the pharynx get delineated from the esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pathology related to an abnormally short esophagus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pathological consequence of failure of atresia of the esophagus? |
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Definition
| Polyhydramnios will occur before birth |
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Term
| What disease presents with improper separation of the trachea from the esophagus? |
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Definition
tracheo-esophageal fistula
severity depends on the nature of the fistula, sometimes everything the neonate swallows goes to the lungs sometimes just some of it |
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Term
| What does VATER stand for? |
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Definition
Syndrome associated with teratogen exposure:
Vertebral defects
Anal atresis
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal Defects
Radial Forearm anomalies |
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Term
| What does VACTERL stand for? |
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Definition
Syndrome associated with exposure to teratogens:
Vertebral defects
Anal atresia
Cardiovascular Defects
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Renal Defects
Limb Defects |
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Term
| Parietal peritoneam is innervated by what type of nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visceral peritoneum is innervated by what kind of nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a primary retroperitoneal structure? |
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Definition
| Developed retroperitoneal (one side peritoneal, other mesenteric) |
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Term
| What is a secondary peritoneal structure? |
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Definition
| Started out mesenteric and then migrated to become a peritoneal structure |
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Term
| What is the falciform ligament? |
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Definition
| parietal peritoneum taken from the body wall and following with the liver |
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Term
| What does the free edge of the ventral mesentery become? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the stomach turns in development the left side becomes which side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the lesser sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name for the space that allows open communication from the greater sac to the lesser sac? |
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Definition
| Epiploic Foramen (Foramen of Winslow) |
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Term
| Lesser curvature of the stomach is covered with which kind of omentum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The greater curvature of the stomach is covered in what kind of omentum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect on the vagus nerve when the stomach rotates? |
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Definition
| Left vagus becomes anterior and right vagus becomes posterior |
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Term
| What is the most common anomaly of the stomach? |
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Definition
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
characterized by distended stomach and projectile emesis (without bile) |
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Term
| Hepatocytes are derived from and give rise to what? |
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Definition
| endoderm and form the intrahepatic biliary ducts |
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Term
| Endothelial cells and Kupffer cells are derived from what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Although liver abnormalities are uncommon, what is occasionally seen? |
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Definition
| failure of atresia of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary system |
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Term
| What happens if the gall bladder develops too close to the liver? |
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Definition
| grows into liver, can cause compression (if not it is a subclinical anomaly) |
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Term
| What happens if the gall bladder develops too far away from the liver? |
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Definition
| Can cause a floating gall bladder. This organ is at risk for twisting resulting in ischemia and gall bladder necrosis |
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Term
| How many parts to the duodenum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the extrahepatic biliary system drain in the duodenum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when their is duodenal atresia in the second and third parts? |
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Definition
A few clinical presentations:
Emesis with bile
Before birth Polyhydramnios
Double bubble sign |
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Term
| What is the double bubble sign? |
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Definition
| Backflow in the duodenum causes dilation or a "bubble" (the other bubble is the stomach) |
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Term
| Will bile be found in the emesis of a neonate with duodenal stenosis? |
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Definition
| Depends, the bile may or may not appear in the emesis |
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Term
| Pancreas starts as how many primordial buds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Islet cells excrete what? |
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Definition
Dependent on cell type
Alpha: Glucagon
Beta: Insulin
Delta: Somatostatin
PP: Pancreatic Polypeptide |
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Term
| What are the anatomical parts of the pancreas? |
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Definition
| Uncinate process, head, body, and tail |
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Term
| What part of the pancreas tucks under the superior mesenteric artery/vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many pancreatic ducts drain into the duodenum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What derives from the ventral bud of the pancreas? |
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Definition
| Part of head and uncinate process |
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Term
| What derives from the dorsal bud of the pancreas? |
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Definition
| part of head, body, and tail |
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Term
| The main pancreatic duct is derived from which bud? |
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Definition
| Both ventral and dorsal pancreatic bud |
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Term
| What is Hyperplastic Pancreatic Islets? |
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Definition
Maternal gestational diabetes affects the developing neonate with the following presentation:
hypoglycemia, weight gain (macrosomia), increased fat in fetal tissues |
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Term
| What is an annular pancreas? |
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Definition
| Ventral bud of pancreas splits and fuses around the duodenum which, dependent on degree of constriction, can be dangerous or fatal |
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Term
| What is Pancreas divisum? |
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Definition
| major pancreatic duct fails to form resulting in a backflow of pancreatic juices and chronic pancreatitis (while the accessory duct still works it is not sufficient clearance) |
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Term
| Where does the spleen form? |
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Definition
| Splanchnic mesoderm between the layers of the dorsal mesogastrium |
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Term
| What is an accessory spleen? |
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Definition
| When an extra mass of splenic tissue embeds into either the gastroleinal ligament or the tail of the pancreas |
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