Term
|
Definition
medial
lateral longitudinal
transverse |
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Term
| what is the largest plantar arch |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| as a result of WB, they are not prsent at birth |
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Term
| what structures make up the medial and lateral longitudinal arch |
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Definition
| metatarsal head to the calcaneus |
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Term
| what is the keystone of the medial and lateral longitduinal arch |
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Definition
talus
all weight must pass through the talus |
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Term
| what is the keystone of the transverse arch |
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Definition
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Term
| passive support of the medial longitduianl alrch (4) |
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Definition
spring ligament
interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
deltoid ligament
plantar aponeuorsis (fascia) |
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|
Term
| what is the most important static stabilizer of the medial longitdunal arch? why? |
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Definition
spring ligament
also supports the head of the talus |
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Term
| the arches serve 2 contrasting functions |
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Definition
weight bearing mobility
weight bearing stability |
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Term
| 3 aspects of weight bearing mobility |
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Definition
dampen the impact of weight bearing
dampen superimposed rotational motions
adapt to supporting surface |
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Term
| 2 aspects of weight bearing stability |
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Definition
distribute weight through the foot for proper weight bearing
conversion of flexible foot to rigid lever |
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Term
| what structure plays into weight bearing mobility/stability? How? |
|
Definition
plantar aponeurosis/fascia
via weight distribution |
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|
Term
| what is stability with mobility |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| plantar fascia attachments |
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Definition
medial tubercle of the calcaneus
phanalx of each toe |
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|
Term
| plantar fascia: at the beginning of stance hpase tension increases with a max ____% of body weight |
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Definition
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Term
| how much does the PA stretch and deform during stance |
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Definition
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Term
| if the foot is considered 2 struts and a tie rod what is the tie rod? what are the struts made up of? |
|
Definition
posterior strut: talus and calcaneus
anterior strut: remaining tarsals and metatarsals
tie rod: PA |
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|
Term
| what is the purpose of the struts |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the tie rod |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with the tie rod/strut structure what loads are minimized |
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Definition
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|
Term
| toe motion at the MTP to pull the PA tight |
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Definition
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Term
| how can the toes be extended (OKC/CKC) |
|
Definition
proximal phalanges glide dorsal (toes not fixed)
proximal phalnages glide plantar (toes fixed) |
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|
Term
| With tightneing of the PA with MTP extensino what structures are drawn together |
|
Definition
| the heel and MTP are drawn together (Tie rod shortened) |
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|
Term
| With tightneing of the PA with MTP extensino what happens to the arch? what does it contribute to? |
|
Definition
| arch raises and contributes to supination |
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|
Term
| what is the windlass mechanism |
|
Definition
tightening of the PA with MTP extension draws the heel and MTP toegether
raises the arch and contributes to supination
PA increases its role in support of the arch with WB |
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|
Term
| triangle pronation involves what jts and is aka |
|
Definition
transeverse tarsal jt and subtalar jts
flattened foot |
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|
Term
| trinagle pronation involves the PA how? what limit is present |
|
Definition
regardless of active (NWB) and passive (WB) MTP extension tension is prsent in the PA
the range of MTP extension will be limited d/t limited PA |
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|
Term
| triangle pronation: raising the height of the traingle via the struts will do what to the tie road |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| triangle pronation: what must occur to raise the height of the triangle via the struts to unload the tie rod (5) |
|
Definition
tibia subected to lateral rotation force
hindfoot supinates
posteiror strut becomes oblique
medial longitudinal arch height increases
PA is unloaded |
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|
Term
| How does the foot become a rigid lever for push off |
|
Definition
| through the effect of the MTP on the PA, the PA acts with the jts of the hindfoot to contribute to increasing the longitudinal arch (supination) as heel raises |
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|
Term
| weight distribution depends on what |
|
Definition
| shape of arch and line of gravity |
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|
Term
| in bilateral stance how much weight does the talus recieve |
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Definition
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|
Term
| 50% of the talus weight passes to what articulation/structures |
|
Definition
| posterior subtalar articulation to the calcaneus |
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|
Term
| 50% or less of teh talus weight passes to what articulation/structures |
|
Definition
| passes anteriorly through the talonavicular and calcanealcuboid jts |
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|
Term
| Generation (concentric): what are the mm in this group (6) |
|
Definition
hams
gluts
quads
psoas
rectus
plantar flexors |
|
|
Term
| Generation (concentric): Hmas/gluts are used in what stage of the gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generation (concentric): quads are used in what part of the gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generation (concentric): psoas, rectus are used in what phase of hte gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generation (concentric): plantar flexors are used in what stage of the gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorption (eccentric): mm involved in this group (4) |
|
Definition
psoas
rectus
hams
plantarflexors |
|
|
Term
| absorption (eccentric): what stage are the psoas and rectus active in the gait cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| absorption (eccentric): when are the hams active during the gait cycle |
|
Definition
late swing
very early stance |
|
|
Term
| absorption (eccentric): when is the rectus (only the rectus) active during the gait cycle |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| absorption (eccentric): when are the plantar flexors active |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: saggital plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
Motion: Extends
GRF: Ant to Post
Power: Generate (concentric) hip extends
Muscles: Glutmax, hamstrings |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: saggital plane: Knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: flex then extend
GRF: ant to post to ant
Power: generate (knee flex), absorb (knee ext and flexors)
Muscles: hams, quads, gastrocs |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: saggital plane: ankle: motion, GRF, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: PF then slight DF
GRF: post to ant
Power: Absorbs (DF), generate (PF)
Muscles: Ant tib, soleus, gastroc |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: frontal plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: add then abd
GRF: medial
Power: absorb (hip abd), generate (hip abd)
Muscles: glut med |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: frontal plane: knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: stays neutral
grf: medial
power: generate (knee abd)
Muscles: TFL |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: frontal plane: ankle: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: transverse plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: ER
Power: absorption (IR)
Mm: TFL, glut med, glut min |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: transverse plane: knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: slight ER/IR to neutral
Power: absorb (Ext rot) |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from IC to midstance: transverse plane: ankle: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: sagittal plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: ext then flex
GRF: posterior
Power: absorb (flexors), generate (flexors)
MM: Iliopsoas, RF |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: sagittal plane: knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: slight ex to flexion
GRF: posterior
Power: small and large absorb (knee extensors)
Small generate: knee flexors
MM: vastus, gastrocs, RF |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: sagittal plane: ankle: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: DF followed by rapid PF
GRF: ant
Power: small absorb (PF), Large generate (PF)
MM: Soleus, gastrocs |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: frontal plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: abd
grf: medial
power: generate (abductors)
muscles: glut med |
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|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: frontal plane: knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: neutral to abd
grf: medial
power: absorb (Abd)
muscles: TFL |
|
|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: frontal plane: ankle: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: transverse plane: hip: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: ER slight
power: small absorb (ER) |
|
|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: transverse plane: knee: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
motion: neutral
power: small absorb (ligamentous) |
|
|
Term
| Gait characteristisc from midstance to toe off: transverse: ankle: motion, grf, power, muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 patterns of spastic hemi/diplegia |
|
Definition
drop foot
equinius
jump knee
marked proximal involvement, equnius, flexed stiff knee, anterior pelvic tilt, hipp add, IR |
|
|
Term
| Hemi/diplegia: drop foot (2) |
|
Definition
seen in swing phase
d/t poor DF control |
|
|
Term
| Hemi/diplegia: equinus (5) |
|
Definition
most common type
neutrla or recurvatum knee c extended hip
noted in stance
d/t spasticity of GS
PF overactive |
|
|
Term
| Hemi/diplegia: jump knee (3) |
|
Definition
GS spasticity or contracture
impaired DF in swing phase
flexed stiff knee gait d/t quad/HS co-contraction |
|
|
Term
| How long of an LLD does it have to be to cause articular cartilage changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in non-CP children, how will they compenstae for an LLD |
|
Definition
equinius
vaulting over the long limb
circumduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Q angle
tibial torsion
pronation |
|
|
Term
| How does pes cavus affect wt bearing |
|
Definition
| wt bearing is on the hindfoot and tarsals |
|
|
Term
| how does pes planus affect wb/gait |
|
Definition
wt bearing by the midfoot
impaired propulsion phase of gait/running |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
overuse injuries
OA
spinal radiculopathy/referred pain
antalgic gait (limping)
trendelenburg d/t painful hip not glut med weakness |
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