Term
| What sagittal plane motions occur at the ankle? |
|
Definition
| Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion |
|
|
Term
| What coronal plane motions occur at the ankle? |
|
Definition
-Inversion
-Eversion
-Varus
-Valgus |
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Term
| What movements of the foot/ankle complex occur in the transverse plane? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What planes of motion do pronation and supination of the foot occur in? |
|
Definition
-Sagittal
-Coronal
-Transverse |
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Term
| Name the four divisions of the foot |
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Definition
- Tarsus (hundfoot)
- Lesser Tarsus (midfoot)
- Metatarsus (forefoot)
- Digits/Phalanges
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|
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Term
| What are the two columns of the foot? |
|
Definition
- Medial column
- Lateral column
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|
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Term
| What percent of compressive loads travel through the medial column of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the medial column of the foot? |
|
Definition
- Talus
- Navicular
- Medial Cuneiform
- Intermediate Cuneiform
- Lateral Cuneiform
- Metatarsal bones 1-3
- bones of Digits 1-3
|
|
|
Term
| What bones make up the lateral column of the foot? |
|
Definition
- Calcaneous
- Cuboid
- Metatarsal bones 4 and 5
- bones of digits 4 and 5
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|
|
Term
| What bone of the foot/ankle complex has no muscle insertions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone is the mechanical keystone of the foot/ankle complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which will allow more motion : A talus with three articulations with the calcaneous, or a talus with two articulations with the calcaneous? |
|
Definition
| Three atrticulations has less motion than two. |
|
|
Term
| How many articulate surfaces are on the calcaneous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle attaches to the navicular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the articulate surfaces of the navicular?
|
|
Definition
Proximal facet and three distal facets (for medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms)
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|
|
Term
| What bone/s articulate with the navicular proximally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone/s articulat with the navicular distally? |
|
Definition
| Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform (and sometimes cuboid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a line running from the tip of the medial malleolus to the base of the first metatarsal (used in pes planus diagnosis) |
|
|
Term
| What defines a flat (pes planus) foot? |
|
Definition
- navicular lies below the Feiss line
- and there is a reduced longitudinal arch
- a calcaneus valgus
- increased weight bearing on the medial aspect of the foot
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|
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Term
| What bone articulates with the proximal (posterior) facet of the cuboid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones does the Cuboid bone articulate with on it's anterior facets? |
|
Definition
| the fourth and fifth metatarsals |
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach to the cuboid? |
|
Definition
- flexor hallucis brevis
- tibialis posterior
|
|
|
Term
| Name the three parts of the metatarsal bones from proximal to distal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of phalangeal bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the normal ranges of motion at the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| 0-20 degrees dorsiflexion; 0-50 degrees plantarflexion |
|
|
Term
| What is the functional ROM of the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| 0-10 degrees dorsiflexion; 0-20 degrees plantarflexion |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the ankle (classified by mechanical movement). |
|
Definition
| a ginglymus, or hinge-joint |
|
|
Term
| What bones comprise the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament can limit both plantarflexion and dorsiflexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament limits plantarflexion and is on the lateral part of the foot/ankle? |
|
Definition
| Anterior talofibular ligament. |
|
|
Term
| What motions occur at the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| plantarflexion and dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| What joints comprise the subtalor joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joint in the foot/ankle complex helps to absorb shock and adapt to uneven terrain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the average angle between the ground and the subtalor joint axis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What motion occurs at the subtalor joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main ligament between the talus and calcaneous? |
|
Definition
| the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the gap that the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament passes through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two joints comprise the midtarsal joint? |
|
Definition
| Talonavicular and calcaneocuboid |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the midtarsal joint? |
|
Definition
| Transverse tarsal or Chopart's joint |
|
|
Term
| What bones comprise the midtarsal joint? |
|
Definition
calcaneous, cuboid, talus, navicular
|
|
|
Term
| What motions occurs at the midtarsal joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the tarsometatarsal joint complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones comprise the tarsometatarsal joints? |
|
Definition
- Medial cuneiform
- Intermediate cuneiform
- Lateral cuneiform
- Cuboid
- bases of Metatarsal bones 1-5
|
|
|
Term
| What kind of motion occurs at the tarsometatarsal joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three basic ligament placements involved with the tarsometatarsal joints? |
|
Definition
| dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What motions occur at the metatarsophalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (abduction and adduction as well, but not in a way that is clinically significant) |
|
|
Term
| What ligament is also known as the spring ligament and helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch? |
|
Definition
| The plantarcalcanealnavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What bones does the deltoid ligament attach to? |
|
Definition
| Medial Malleolus and tarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| What ligament helps suppor tthe medial loingitudinal arch and prevents excessive eversion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most commonly sprained ligament in the foot/ankle complex? |
|
Definition
| anterior talofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What motion does the talofibular ligament inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone is the sustentaculum tali attached to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tendon pivots the cuboid on the calcaneous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of motion occurs at the intermetatarsal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wat is the functional ROM of dorsiflexion for the 1st MTP joint? |
|
Definition
| 0-60° extension/ dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| Wat are the attachment points of the plantar aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
| The medial calcaneal tuberosity and the heads of metatarsals 1-5 |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for inflamation of the plantar aponeurosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are present in the anterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
|
|
|
Term
| What compartment of the leg is comprised of the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the tibialis anterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the extensor hallucis longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What motions are caused by the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| Dorsiflexion of the foot and ankle and extension of the phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis |
|
|
Term
| Which compartment of the leg is comprised of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
| superficial peroneal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the fibularis longus? |
|
Definition
| superficial peroneal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the fibularis brevis? |
|
Definition
| superficial peroneal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What muscles are innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve |
|
Definition
| Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Fibularis longis during stance phase? |
|
Definition
| Stabilize the first ray of the foot; also rotates the cuboid on the calcaneous, locking its motion. |
|
|
Term
| What motion/s is/are generally caused by the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles are in the superior posterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What nerve innervates the gastrocnemius?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the soleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What posterior compartment leg muscles does the tibial nerve innervate? |
|
Definition
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
|
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the tibialis poterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the flexor hallucis longus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscles comprise the deep posterior compatment of the leg? |
|
Definition
- Tibialis posterios
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
|
|
|
Term
| What compartment of the leg is comprised of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus? |
|
Definition
| The deep posterior compartment of the leg |
|
|
Term
| What is the functional ROM of the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
0-10° dorsiflexion
0-20° plantarflexion |
|
|
Term
| Describe the joint axis of the talocrural joint. |
|
Definition
| 20-30° of external rotation, 8° from horizontal |
|
|
Term
| What motions are involved in supination at the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| Plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion |
|
|
Term
| What motions are involved in pronation at the talocrural joint? |
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion |
|
|
Term
| What is the functional coronal plane ROM of the subtalor joint? |
|
Definition
- 4-6° inversion
- 4-6° eversion
|
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