Term
| What are the 3 bones that make up the ankle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mortise of the ankle? |
|
Definition
| lateral and medial malleolus and the talus |
|
|
Term
| What is the main weightbearing bone of the leg? |
|
Definition
| The Tibia, bears 80-90% of the weight |
|
|
Term
| What connects the tibia and fibula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes high ankle sprains? |
|
Definition
| Forced dorsiflexion and eversion, damaging the interosseous membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the fibula? |
|
Definition
| distal portion of ankle mortise, attachment site for ligaments and muscle |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main motions of the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
| Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Relies heavily on soft tissues for support |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Talofibular ligament |
|
Definition
| Tight during plantarflexion and resists inversion. Main ligament injured during ankle sprains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resists inversion, second most commonly injured ligament |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Talofibular ligament |
|
Definition
| Deepest of lateral ankle ligaments, rarely injured. Resists posterior translation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Main ligament of the medial aspect of the ankle. Comprised of 4 ligaments, prevents eversion, rarely injured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comprised of talus and calcaneus. Allows for eversion and inversion of the ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows for plantarflexion and adduction of the foot, also inversion of the ankle |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Longus/Flexor Digitorum Hallucis |
|
Definition
| Act on toes, weak plantarflexion and inversion |
|
|
Term
| Why are the muscles of the ankle/foot prone to injury? |
|
Definition
| Due to location relative to medial malleolus/ superficial location |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located on lateral aspect of the ankle, allows eversion/plantar flexion of ankle. Both pass behind lateral malleolus. Commonly injured |
|
|
Term
| Posterior aspect of ankle |
|
Definition
| Made up of gastrocnemius/soleus. Makes up achilles tendon. Gastrocnemius crosses ankle/knee joint. Plantar flexors |
|
|
Term
| Anterior aspect of the ankle |
|
Definition
| Made up of tibialis anterior and extensor pollicis hallucis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 35 degrees of rotation medially |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15 degrees of rotation laterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral ankle sprain or Inversion sprain |
|
Definition
| Most common orthopedic injury. Caused by injury of the ATF |
|
|
Term
| Medial ankle sprain or Eversion sprain |
|
Definition
| Injury to deltoid ligament. Uncommon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High ankle sprain, caused by splaying of mortise. Heals poorly, 4-6 weeks recovery. Can be surgically repaired |
|
|
Term
| What have been proven to reduce the risk of lateral ankle sprains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of instability caused by ankle sprains? |
|
Definition
| mechanical and functional instability |
|
|
Term
| How should one progress through proprioceptive training to treat an ankle injury? |
|
Definition
| Proprioception training starts early during the proliferation phase of healing, done using a wobble board. Advanced proprioceptive training during phase 3, remodeling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dorsiflexion, abduction, and eversion saggital, transverse, frontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantarflexion, adduction, and inversion
saggital, transverse, frontal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous connective tissue running on the plantar aspect of the foot from the heel to each toe. Provides stability for the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connects to plantar fascia, responsible for pes planus or pes cavus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Over-pronation of foot. Flat feet. Causes an increase in the valgus stress and angle at the ankle. Pes planus leads to excessive eversion of the heel. Pes planus can also lead to MTSS, tibial stress fx, bunions at the foot. Can also lead to mechanical injuries and pain at the knee and hip as well. |
|
|
Term
| How can one overcome over pronation of the foot? |
|
Definition
| To help overcome excessive pronation of the foot, need to make sure to strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles as well as gluteus medius muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Over-supination. High arch. Causes an increase in varus stress at the ankle. The arch is too rigid which can lead to stress fractures, lateral ankle sprains, and plantar fasciitis. Much less common in the general population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the PF usually at the medial calcaneal (heel) attachment site. Is an overuse injury usually seen after training on a hard surface, increasing the frequency or intensity of training, in individuals with tight heel cords. Also see this in individuals with low and high arches (low arch due to the eversion at the heel, high arch due to the rigid nature of the arch itself). |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for plantar fascitis? |
|
Definition
| pain control, stretch calf complex, rollout arch and plantar aspect of the foot, stretch with a night splint, intrinsic foot and hip strengthening and cross train. Custom orthotics needed also. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| microtrauma to the Achilles tendon that builds over time causing inflammation in the tendon near the distal attachment site on the calcaneus (heel bone) |
|
|
Term
| How can achilles tendonitis be treated? |
|
Definition
| Treat with RICE, calf complex stretching (pain free) and foam rolling.Use heel cups to raise the heel up, decreasing the amount of active plantar and dorsiflexion needed, thus reducing force |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat an Achilles Tendon Rupture |
|
Definition
| Always surgery, usually within first 4 weeks. Repair, or stitch together, the ends of the ruptured tissue |
|
|
Term
| How long does healing/rehab for achilles tendon rupture last? |
|
Definition
| Return to sport is 6-12 months |
|
|
Term
| What should you make sure of before approving a return in someone who has had an achilles tendon rupture? |
|
Definition
| Make sure active and passive dorsiflexion is at least 10 degrees |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of the 6-12 months of treating an achilles tendon rupture? |
|
Definition
| boot or cast for 6 weeks. Gradual return to weightbearing with boot at 12 weeks. Passive/active assisted ROM after 12 weeks. Jogging can start at 10-12 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Overuse injury usually resulting from excessive pronation at the feet, increased valgus moment/stress at the ankle, and increased valgus moment at the knee |
|
|
Term
| How can shin splints be treated |
|
Definition
| . Strengthen Glut med as a stabilizer, ER, and abductor in order to help combat MTSS symptoms. Also, custom orthotics and intrinsic foot stabilizer strength will help with symptoms as well. Make sure heel cords are stretched as well |
|
|
