Term
| ________ is effective against broad spectrum fungi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two adverse effects of Itraconazole usage? |
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Definition
| Cardiosuppression and liver damage |
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Term
| Itraconazole inhibits______, which can ____ drugs levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Itraconazole's absorption can be reduced by |
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Definition
| drugs that reduce gastric aciidity |
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Term
| List two classes of drugs that may reduce gastric acidity? |
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Definition
| H2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors |
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Term
| In __________, there is a blockage of __________outflow. |
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Definition
angle-closure glacoma and aqueous humor
*this causes a rise in IOP |
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Term
| If angle-closure glaucoma is not treated, then ___________ to optic nerve occurs in_______ |
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Definition
| irreversible damage and 1-2days |
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Term
| What is the major risk factor for open-angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is drug therapy directed for open-angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is treated with drugs to reduce IOP and surgery |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| facilitating aqueous humor outflow or reducing its production |
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Term
| List the three drug families which are first line tx for open angle-glaucoma. |
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Definition
| beta blockers, alpha2-adrenergic agonists, and prostaglandins |
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Term
| _________ decreases IOP by decreasing ________ |
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Definition
| Timolol and aqueous humor production |
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Term
| Topical beta blockers can cause_______, _______, and _______. |
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Definition
| bronchospasm, bradycaria, and AV heart block |
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Term
| __________ may cause browning of the iris and increased pigmentation of the skin around the eyes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs paralyze the ciliary muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mydriatics _________ the pupil. |
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Definition
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Term
| Atropine and other anticholinergic drugs cause________ and__________ |
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Definition
| cycloplegia (ciliary muscle paralysis) and mydriasis (pupil dilation) |
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Term
| How does Atropine cause cycloplegia? |
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Definition
| blocks muscarinic receptors on the ciliary muscle |
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Term
| How does atropine cause mydriasis? |
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Definition
| blocks muscarinic receptors on the iris sphincter |
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Term
| Paralyzing the ciliary muscle with anticholinergic drugs prevents |
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Definition
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Term
| Paralyzing the iris sphincter with anticholinergic drugs causes |
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Definition
| photophobia (the pupils do not constrict to light) |
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Term
| _________ is an adrenergic agonist. |
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Definition
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Term
| Phenylephrine causes________ by stimulating___________receptors on the radial muscle of the eye. |
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Definition
| mydriasis and alpha-adrenergic |
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Term
| ______________ take several weeks to decrease allergy symptoms in eyes |
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Definition
Ocular mast cell stabilizers
*usu not rx'd bc of this reason |
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Term
| Corticosteroid drops (for eyes) decrease inflammation but may |
|
Definition
mask an infection
*APNs should avoid prescribing these |
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Term
| ________ can be used for drys eyes and there are _______ with regular or frequent usage. |
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Definition
| Artificial tears and zero risk |
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Term
| Topical glucocorticoids relieve________ and _________ associated with dermatologic disorders. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the four groups of potency classified for glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| low, medium, high, and super-high |
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Term
| What are the risk of prolonged usage of topical glucorticoids? |
|
Definition
| atrophy of the dermis and epidermis |
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Term
| Topical glucorticoids can cause |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth retardation and adrenal suppression are side effects of |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What promotes shedding of the horny layer of the skin? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| salicylic acid, sulfur, and benzoyl peroxide |
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Term
| List three topical antibiotics that tx acne. |
|
Definition
| benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, and erythromycin |
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|
Term
| How does benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, and erythromycin work to clear up acne? |
|
Definition
| suppresses the growth of propionibacterium acnes |
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Term
| Tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene are all |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tretinoin, adapalene, and tazarotene clear acne by normalizing__________ of epitheial cells in______. |
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Definition
| hyperproliferation and hair follicles |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Name a drug reserved for severe acne. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Nosebleeds, inflammation of the lip and eyes, pain and stiffness of muscle, bones, and joints are all side effects of |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Frequency of the application of _____ reduces the risk of sunburn. |
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Definition
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Term
| Topical immunosuppressants work against the _________ process of atopic dermatitis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Topical immunosuppressants are not_________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| There exist some rare association of cancer in children who have used |
|
Definition
| topical immunosuppressants |
|
|
Term
| Children with antibiotic resistant AOM, the tx of choice |
|
Definition
| augmentin Es-600 (amoxicillin/clavulanate) |
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|
Term
| Vaccinating against the flu virus or strept pneumoniae (prevnar) can reduce the risk of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Otitis media with effussion (OME) is _________ in the middle ear without________ |
|
Definition
| fluid and local or systemic illness |
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Term
| OME may cause ______ but not________. |
|
Definition
| mild hearing loss and pain |
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Term
| OME is seen in children following |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Antibiotics should not be used with____ bc it has minimal effect. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Otitis externa is inflammation of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for otitis externa? |
|
Definition
swimmer's ear
*which is a bacterial infection of the EAC |
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|
Term
| In most cases, acute otitis externa can be tx |
|
Definition
| cleaning and use of ear drops |
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|
Term
| Ears drops to clean/tx acute OE may contain |
|
Definition
| alcohol, 2%acetic acid, hydrocortisone, or an antibacterial drug. |
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|
Term
| Ear drops to treat OE may include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Preferred antibiotics drops for OE are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The concentration of otic drops are ______ than oral medications |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _________ is a good choice of treatment for adults with OE. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ________ is rare but a potentially fatal complication of acute OE |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This condition occurs when bacteria in the EAC invaed the mastoid or temporal bone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the organism responsible for Necrotizing OE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you manage Necrotizing OE? |
|
Definition
| cleansing and use of antipseudomonal drugs |
|
|
Term
| All pts with necrotizing OE should receive antipseudomonal drugs such as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt with mild cases of necrotizing OE should receive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt with severe cases of necrotizing OE should receive |
|
Definition
IV therapy
-imipenem/cilastatin (primaxin) |
|
|
Term
| The most common fungal pathogen for OE is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 10% of OE cases, the infection is due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fungal OE can be managed by ______ and ________ |
|
Definition
cleansing and acidifying drops
-2% acetic acid solution |
|
|
Term
| Topical solutions can be used to fungal OE as well. Name one. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If fungal OE is unresponsive to typical treatment, then ______ drugs can be initiated. |
|
Definition
oral
-itraconazole and fluconazole |
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