Term
| What do Graves disease and pheochromocytoma both do to the cardiovascular system (in general)? |
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Definition
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Term
| In regards to cardiovascular diseases, what does TOD stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the nephron do thiazide act on? |
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Definition
| The distal convoluted tubules. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics? |
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Definition
| They inhibit resorption of NaCl in the distal convoluted tubules, creating loss of Na+ with water. These also waste potassium. |
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Term
| What is the CrCl cutoff for use of thiazide diuretics? |
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Definition
| Thiazides should not be used with CrCl<30mL/min. |
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Term
| Is efficacy of thiazide diuretics dose dependent? |
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Definition
| Not necessarily - lower doses are as effective in tx'ing HTN as higher ones. |
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Term
| One week after initiating HCTZ, what lab should be checked? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is more effective to use with heart failure patients, thiazide or loop diuretics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the nephron do loop diuretics act upon? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the name "Lasix" developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 examples of potassium-sparing diuretics? |
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Definition
| Spironolactone & triamterene. |
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Term
| Where are Beta 1 adn Beta 2 receptors? |
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Definition
| Beta 1= Heart, Beta 2=Respiratory tract |
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Term
| What can coreg cause r/t hair changes? |
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Definition
| It can increase hair growth. |
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Term
| What disease state is a contraindication of beta blockers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What byproduct in the lung may cause cough associated with ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
| What rare, but potentially lethal side effect can ACE inhibitors cause? |
|
Definition
| angioedema (swelling in the facial area) |
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|
Term
| Do ACE inhibitors cause potassium loss? |
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Definition
| No, they tend to preserve it. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of protection do ACE inhibitors offer diabetic patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one common ACE inhibitor. |
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Definition
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Term
| What advantage do ARBs have over ACE inhibitors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers? |
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Definition
| They block the inward draw of calcium through the "slow channels" adn work on smoothe muscle, as well as SA/AV nodes |
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Term
| What are 3 adverse effects of calcium channel blocker use? |
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Definition
| Bradycardia, lower leg edema, constipation |
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Term
| What drug used to treat HTN can also be used for migraine prophylaxis (according to teacher)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 classes of CCB's are there? |
|
Definition
| Dihydropyridines & nondihydropyridines |
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Term
| What's the advantage of nondihydropyridines vs. dihydropyridines? |
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Definition
| Nondihydropyridines do not affect heart rate. |
|
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Term
| Name 2 common dihydropyridine CCBs. |
|
Definition
| Norvasc (amlodipine), nifedipine (Procardia). |
|
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Term
| Name 1 common nondihydropyridine CCB. |
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Definition
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Term
| Should Nondihydropyridine CCB's (Verapamil) be used in bradycardic patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than HTN, what other condition that affects only men do alpha blockers treat? |
|
Definition
| BPH (b/c of relaxing smoothe muscle - to facilitate urine drainage). |
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Term
| What should you be looking for with the first dose of an alpha blocker (adverse effect)? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name 1 common alpha blockers. |
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Definition
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Term
| What time of day should the first dose of an alpha blocker (doxazosin) be given? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do alpha blockers carry a high or low risk of injury for elderly patients? |
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Definition
| High, esp if used for BPH in a pt that needs to urinate at night. |
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|
Term
| Alpha blockers affect DBP or SBP more? |
|
Definition
| Diastolic blood pressure. |
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|
Term
| What drug central alpha 2 antagonists is used in pregnancy-induced HTN? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Should a full dose be used when starting central alpha 2 antagonists (clonidine, methyldopa)? |
|
Definition
| No, it should be tapered up & down, otherwise rebound HTN can occur. |
|
|
Term
| What central alpha 2 antagonist can be administered dermally with a patch weekly? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of diuretics are usually used in CHF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should ACE inhibitors be used in a patient with heart failure? |
|
Definition
| Yes - they modify the course of heart failure & they need to stay on them, even if they're getting a bit hypotensive. |
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Term
| Does Digoxin have a wide or narrow therapeutic index? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the most common dose of Digoxin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Should beta blockers be used in HF patients? |
|
Definition
| Yes. They used to be contraindicated, but now it's appropriate to start HF patients on BB. 1/3 do better, 1/3 do worse, 1/3 are unchanged. |
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|
Term
| When should CCB's be used in CHF patients? |
|
Definition
| In diastolic dysfunction. |
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|
Term
| What common cheap drug is given to CAD/Angina patients for prophylaxis purposes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should patients know about nitroglycerin? |
|
Definition
| It's inactivated by light, heat and oxygen. When administering, be wary of rebound tachycardia. |
|
|
Term
| What class of antiarrhythmic are beta blockers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class of antiarrhythmic are CCB's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What common drug falls under class III antiarrhythmic? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class is Arixtra? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What peripheral vascular dilator is used for peripheral artery disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When coagulation inhibition is needed in pregnant women, what drug should be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does heparin inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does coumadin block (simple answer)? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin K dependent coagulation |
|
|
Term
| What animal allergy is a contraindication for heparin use? |
|
Definition
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