Term
| synthetic antimicrobials similar in structure to nalidixic acid, a quinolone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most widely employed floroquinolones |
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Definition
| levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin |
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Term
| fluoroquinolones besides levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are mainly used for treatment of |
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Definition
| urinary tract and respiratory tract infections |
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Term
| interfere with bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair through inhibition of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) during bacterial prolieration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibits topoisomerase IV, essential for chromosomal DNA partitioning during bacterial cell division. |
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Definition
| Third and Fourth generation fluoroquinolones |
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Term
| induce bacterial cell death by evoking cleavage of bacterial DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| may exhibit synergism with B-lactams |
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Definition
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Term
| Bactericidial vs. gram negatives, atypical, variable G+ activity |
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Definition
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Term
active vs. gram negative organisms:
-Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella (PECK)
-Shigella, Salmonella
-Enterobacter
-Pseudomonas
-Haemophilus influenze
-Moraxella ctarrhalis
-Campylobacter
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-Citrobacter
-Serratia
-Vibrio
-Legionella
-Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Mycobacteriua
variable G+ |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly prescribed 2nd gen fluoroquinolone |
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Definition
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Term
Common indications:
UTIs (Enterococcus, E. Coli, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, etc)
Prostatitis (PECK + pseudomonas)
RTI (Moraxella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella) etc.
Bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers
Otitis externa |
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Definition
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Term
| bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers |
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Definition
| Ciloxan Opthalmic Solution, Ointment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| First line agent for E. Coli (UTIs, prostatitis, bacteremia) |
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Definition
| Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin |
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Term
First line Enterobacter infections (UTIs etc.)
(also SMX-TMX) |
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Definition
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Term
| First line for Pseudomonas UTIs (Most active FQ vs. Pseudomonas) |
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Definition
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Term
| First line for Pseudomonas infections associated w/ cystic fibrosis (also aztreonam?) |
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Definition
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Term
| First line for Shigella infections |
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Definition
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Term
| First line for Campylobacter infections (enteritis) |
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Definition
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Term
| First line for Vibrio cholera (also doxycycline) |
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Definition
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Term
Other indications:
Chancroid
Plague
Tularemia
Anthrax
Legionella pneumophila
Mycobacterium avium intracellular complex (MAC) |
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Definition
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Term
UTIs (PECK + Citrobacter)
Prostatitis (E.Coli)
Chlamydia trachomatis (urethritis)
Skin infections (staph, streph, proteus)
RTIs (Haemophilus influenze)
Bacterial conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers (Ocuflox Opthalmic solution)
Poor activity vs. psuedomoans |
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Definition
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Term
| Poor activity vs pseudomonas for second gen fluoroquinolone |
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Definition
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Term
Similar spectrum to ciprofloxacin
Least active fluoroquinolone, not for systemic infections |
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Definition
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Term
UTIs (PECK+ pseudomonas, enterobacter, citrobacter)
Prostatitis (E. COli) |
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Definition
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Term
| Third generation fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
| Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin |
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Term
| Most commonly prescribed fluoroquinolone |
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Definition
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Term
Increased gram positive activity due to inhibition of topoisomerase IV
Staph aureus, Strep pneumo, MDRSP, Strep pyogenes |
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Definition
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Term
Common indications:
Sinusitis (moraxella, Haemophilus, Strep pneumo)
Pneumonia and bronchitis (Moraxella, Haemophilus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Strep pneumo, Staph aureus,etc.)
UTIS
Prostatitsi
Skin and skin structure infections (staph aureus Strep pyo)
Bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
Other indications:
Mycobacterium leprae (Hansen's disease)
Cervicitis (Chlamydia trachomatis) |
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Definition
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Term
Gram negative spectrum of cirpofloxacin
Increased gram positive activity vs. S. aurus, strep pneumo, MDRSP, Strep pyogenes) |
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Definition
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Term
Pneumonia and bronchitis
(Moraxella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Streptococcus pneumo, Staphylococcus aureus) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fourth generation fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
| Moxifloxacin, Gatifloxacin |
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Term
| Common fluroquinolone, lacks skin/soft tissue coverage, no pneumoniae |
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Definition
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Term
| Only second generation that can do skin infections (Staph aureus, Strep pyo, Proteus mirabilis) |
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Definition
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Term
| adds sinusitis, pneumonia and bronchitis |
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Definition
| third generation (levofloxacin, gemifloxacin) |
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Term
| dubbed respiratory fluoroquinolone |
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Definition
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Term
Adds increased activity vs. anerobes:
Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus) |
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Definition
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Term
Vigamox, Moxeza, Zymaxid Opthalmic solutions
for bacterial conjunctivitis |
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Definition
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Term
Resistance due to chromosomal mutations
two mechanisms
1) altered target sites (DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV)
2) decreased accumulation due to reduced premability or increased efflux |
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Definition
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Term
| Cross resistance exists between |
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Definition
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Term
Only 35-75% absorbed orally
low serum levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Best oral bioavailability |
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Definition
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Term
| Cipro, ofloxacin, Lefofloxacin, moxifloxacin |
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Definition
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Term
| absorption decreased by multivalent cations (sucralfate, antacids, or dietary supplements) due to chelation |
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Definition
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Term
well distributed high concen.
bone, urine, kidney, lung, prostatic tissue
accumulate sin macrophages and PMNs thereore useful in treatment of intracellular organisms (Legionella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma) |
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Definition
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Term
| which is fluoroquinolone is minimally metabolized? |
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Definition
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Term
parent and metabolites excreted to urine
primary route of elimination for...
half life extended during renal failure |
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Definition
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Term
| Excreted primarily in bile |
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Definition
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Term
Gi intolerandce, CNS effeets (dizziness, headache, nausea)
TENDINITIS
NEPRHOTOXICITY (Crystalluria)
Cardiac effects: PROLONGED QT interval
Phototoxicity (SUN) |
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Definition
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Term
| Contraindicated during PREGNANCY, nursing mothers, children under 18, due to potential for articular cartilage erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| may enhance serum concentrations of theophylline, warfarin, cyclosproine through metabolic inhibition |
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Definition
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